{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:11:20Z","timestamp":1772169080456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK National Institute of Health & Care Research","award":["NIHR300791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR300791"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["220211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Melioidosis is a bacterial infection which kills an estimated 89,000 people per year in tropical and sub-tropical regions, chiefly affecting the poorest. Diabetes is the primary risk factor, conferring a 12-fold increase in risk. Despite limited funding compared to other neglected tropical diseases, melioidosis vaccine development has generated several candidates for clinical development. The most promising is CPS-CRM\n                    <ns3:sub>197<\/ns3:sub>\n                    \/Hcp1, which will be the first to enter a phase I clinical trial, taking place in Oxford in 2023\/24. As we move closer to the possibility of an effective melioidosis vaccine, it is critical to work in parallel to understand perceptions toward a vaccine among those living where melioidosis rates are high. Reasons for vaccine acceptance versus hesitancy are complex, and include perceived risk of the target disease, concern about side effects, and above all trust in government, scientists, the pharmaceutical industry and other authorities.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    We will carry out a qualitative study in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, an endemic region for melioidosis, as groundwork for a potential future melioidosis vaccine efficacy study, and in the longer-term vaccine introduction. This study seeks to explore knowledge and attitudes in three main areas; 1) melioidosis disease, 2) vaccines, and 3) participation in clinical vaccine trials. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions will take place in five participant groups of different risks and exposure to melioidosis. Purposive, convenience sampling will be used, also snowball sampling to reach some participant groups. Sample size will be based on participant\u2019s experience, to inform the line of enquiries of study, or until data saturation, expecting 66\u201390 participants across all groups.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Discussion:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    The findings of this study will be written up and published in an open access journal, and will be valuable to inform future design of clinical trials as well as engagement and communications associated with future vaccine rollout.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.18383.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T06:55:07Z","timestamp":1695106507000},"page":"413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Melioidosis Vaccines (MeVa): Attitudes to vaccines, melioidosis and clinical trials in key stakeholders in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4169-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Napat","family":"Khirikoekkong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4337-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supa-at","family":"Asarath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjawan","family":"Wettana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orathai","family":"Srisawang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6327-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phaik Yeong","family":"Cheah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5665-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Dunachie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5202-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parinya","family":"Chamnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408-13","DOI":"10.1086\/520223","article-title":"Risk Factors for Melioidosis and Bacteremic Melioidosis.","volume":"29","author":"Y Suputtamongkol","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457-468","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30081-X","article-title":"The global diabetes epidemic: what does it mean for infectious diseases in tropical countries?","volume":"5","author":"R van Crevel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111-25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398389","article-title":"Melioidosis: Evolving Concepts in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.","volume":"36","author":"B Currie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5981-5989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.022","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei vaccines: Are we close to clinical trials?","volume":"35","author":"R Titball","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001488","article-title":"Melioidosis Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Potential to Exploit Biodefense Vaccines for Public Health Purposes.","volume":"6","author":"S Peacock","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653-660","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2020.1791089","article-title":"Combating the great mimicker: latest progress in the development of Burkholderia pseudomallei vaccines.","volume":"19","author":"N Khakhum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00724-17","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00724-17","article-title":"Development of Subunit Vaccines That Provide High-Level Protection and Sterilizing Immunity against Acute Inhalational Melioidosis.","volume":"86","author":"M Burtnick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082-90","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.5.1082","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Melioidosis in Ubon Ratchatani, Northeast Thailand.","volume":"23","author":"Y Suputtamongkol","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113-7","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0038","article-title":"Increasing Incidence of Human Melioidosis in Northeast Thailand.","volume":"82","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0009060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009060","article-title":"Effectiveness of a multifaceted prevention programme for melioidosis in diabetics (PREMEL): A stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial.","volume":"15","author":"P Suntornsut","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.20377.r67431, Oluwatosin B. Adekeye, Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria, 10 Oct 2023, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-413\/v1#referee-response-67431","order":0,"name":"referee-response-67431","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.20377.r67432, Ella Meumann, Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 14 Nov 2023, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-413\/v1#referee-response-67432","order":1,"name":"referee-response-67432","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Funding for this study is from an award by the UK National Institute of Health & Care Research (NIHR) to Professor Susanna Dunachie, reference (NIHR300791). The Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit is funded by Wellcome [220211]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}