{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:11:10Z","timestamp":1789495870906,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background The COVID-19 pandemic both relied and placed significant burdens on the experts involved from research and public health sectors. The sustained high pressure of a pandemic on responders, such as healthcare workers, can lead to lasting psychological impacts including acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, burnout, and moral injury, which can impact individual wellbeing and productivity. Methods As members of the infectious disease modelling community, we convened a reflective workshop to understand the professional and personal impacts of response work on our community and to propose recommendations for future epidemic responses. The attendees represented a range of career stages, institutions, and disciplines. This piece was collectively produced by those present at the session based on our collective experiences. Results Key issues we identified at the workshop were lack of institutional support, insecure contracts, unequal credit and recognition, and mental health impacts. Our recommendations include rewarding impactful work, fostering academia-public health collaboration, decreasing dependence on key individuals by developing teams, increasing transparency in decision-making, and implementing sustainable work practices. Conclusions Despite limitations in representation, this workshop provided valuable insights into the UK COVID-19 modelling experience and guidance for future public health crises. Recognising and addressing the issues highlighted is crucial, in our view, for ensuring the effectiveness of epidemic response work in the future.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.19601.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T10:10:09Z","timestamp":1704708609000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Improving modelling for epidemic responses: reflections from members of the UK infectious disease modelling community on their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2049-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine","family":"Sherratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6385-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna C","family":"Carnegie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kucharski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Cori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0701-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl A B","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Overton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward M","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Knock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9265-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Hellewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W John","family":"Edmunds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Villabona Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0528-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiesha","family":"Prem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7818-408X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Baguelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind M","family":"Eggo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"van Elsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9368-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2021.0059","article-title":"Formal and informal science advice in emergencies: COVID-19 in the UK.","volume":"11","author":"C Whitty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface Focus."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070615","article-title":"Role of mathematical modelling in future pandemic response policy.","volume":"378","author":"C Pagel","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2022.100918","article-title":"A consensus of evidence: The role of SPI-M-O in the UK COVID-19 response.","volume":"86","author":"G Medley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Biol Regul."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2021.0013","article-title":"Disease transmission and control modelling at the science\u2013policy interface.","volume":"11","author":"R McCabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface Focus."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0001","article-title":"Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK.","volume":"376","author":"E Brooks-Pollock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.11.20220962","article-title":"Short-term forecasts to inform the response to the Covid-19 epidemic in the UK.","author":"S Funk","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31991-0","article-title":"Comparison of the 2021 COVID-19 roadmap projections against public health data in England.","volume":"13","author":"M Keeling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1211","article-title":"Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic.","volume":"368","author":"N Greenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031666","article-title":"A Scoping Review of Moral Stressors, Moral Distress and Moral Injury in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19.","volume":"19","author":"P Riedel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/leader-2020-000295","article-title":"Moral injury and the COVID-19 pandemic: reframing what it is, who it affects and how care leaders can manage it.","volume":"4","author":"S Shale","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Lead."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924-1932","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.060584","article-title":"Long-term Psychological and Occupational Effects of Providing Hospital Healthcare during SARS Outbreak.","volume":"12","author":"R Maunder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10701-3","article-title":"History for some or lesson for all? A systematic review and meta-analysis on the immediate and long-term mental health impact of the 2002\u20132003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak.","volume":"21","author":"S Chau","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"ref-14","article-title":"Chatham House Rule.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref-15","article-title":"UK Covid-19 Inquiry."},{"key":"ref-16","article-title":"Lessons from modelling the pandemic."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241-247","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872620922795","article-title":"Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"9","author":"M Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14-40","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-021-00253-z","article-title":"Stress, PTSD, and COVID-19: the Utility of Disaster Mental Health Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","volume":"9","author":"P Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52-56","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2017-000876","article-title":"Psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth in disaster-exposed organisations: overview of the literature.","volume":"166","author":"S Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Mil Health."}],"container-title":["Wellcome Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-12\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-12\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-12\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T06:20:15Z","timestamp":1716358815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-12\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.19601.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.21712.r75342","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.21712.r76468","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.21712.r75342","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.21712.r76468","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.06.12.544667","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-12\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.21712.r76468, Srikanth Umakanthan, The University of the West Indies at Saint Augustine Faculty of Medical Sciences, Saint Augustine, 03 May 2024, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-12\/v1#referee-response-76468","order":0,"name":"referee-response-76468","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.21712.r75342, Robert Moss, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 22 May 2024, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/9-12\/v1#referee-response-75342","order":1,"name":"referee-response-75342","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by Wellcome [210758, <a href=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/210758>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/210758<\/a>]. This project also received funding from: The LSHTM COVID-19 response fund, the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics (grant code NIHR200908), LSHTM\u2019s Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Professor John Edmunds, and The Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CMMID) at LSHTM. Disclaimer: \u201cThe views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, UK Health Security Agency or the Department of Health and Social Care\u201d.\nMK funded by NIHR, HPRU in Genomics and Enabling Data (grant number NIHR200892). ND funded by National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics (grant code NIHR200908). SvE funded by MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (reference MR\/R015600\/1), jointly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), under the MRC\/FCDO Concordat agreement and the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}