{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:11:12Z","timestamp":1772169072917,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.20278.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000}}],"reference-count":31,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009250","name":"National Institute for Social Care and Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012621","name":"University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023699","name":"Health Data Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LOND1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LOND1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    VIVALDI (ISRCTN14447421) is a government-funded longitudinal open observational cohort study of staff and residents in care homes for older people in England. The study aimed to describe epidemiology (including seroprevalence) and immune responses to COVID-19 in a subset of care homes, in the context of extremely high mortality in this setting, in the first 12-18 months of the pandemic. Data linkage to routine health data was undertaken for all staff and residents and a subset of individuals who consented to sequential blood sampling to investigate SARS-CoV-2 immunity. This paper aims to describe the samples stored within the VIVALDI biobank and associated linked data, available for use by researchers. Over 70,000 individuals from 346 care homes were included in the data linkage cohort (1\n                    <ns3:sup>st<\/ns3:sup>\n                    March 2020\u201331\n                    <ns3:sup>st<\/ns3:sup>\n                    March 2023). 4971 samples from 2264 individuals (1415 staff, 827 residents) collected between 29\n                    <ns3:sup>th<\/ns3:sup>\n                    October 2020 and 10\n                    <ns3:sup>th<\/ns3:sup>\n                    March 2023 are stored. Amongst these samples, there was a maximum of seven per participant however, 217 (26.2%) residents and 551 (38.9%) staff participated in one round only. Key study findings include high COVID-19 seroprevalence among surviving residents, exceeding rates in community-dwelling peers. COVID-19 vaccinations generated robust immune responses in staff and residents which waned, supporting the need for booster vaccination, particularly in response to new variants. Prior infection significantly improved vaccine-induced immune responses, however protection from infection declined following Omicron variant emergence. This is a unique cohort of pre- and post-infection samples linked to data on COVID-19 infections, vaccinations, and outcomes. The cohort spans host immune response evolution to infection and vaccination in this rarely sampled population of frail older care home residents who are especially vulnerable to infection and severe outcomes. These samples can be used to investigate biological mechanisms behind disparate infection responses in older people and make a valuable contribution to research into ageing.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.20278.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T11:20:06Z","timestamp":1724066406000},"page":"553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["VIVALDI Cohort Profile: Using linked, routinely collected data and longitudinal blood sampling to characterise COVID-19 infections, vaccinations, and related outcomes in care home staff and residents in England"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Krutikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Stirrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Bruton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Borscha","family":"Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivika","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Monakhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Tut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6895-1967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3549-6232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Copas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Shallcross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16193.2","article-title":"Study Protocol: understanding SARS-Cov-2 infection, immunity and its duration in care home residents and staff in England (VIVALDI) [version 2; peer review: 2 approved].","volume":"5","author":"M Krutikov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"ref-2","article-title":"COVID-19 mortality and long-term care: a UK comparison.","author":"D Bell"},{"key":"ref-3","article-title":"COVID-19 surveillance and immunity studies up to March 2023.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref-4","article-title":"Whole home testing rolled out to all care homes in England.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111310","article-title":"Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection\u2014comparative determination of seroprevalence in two high-throughput assays versus a sensitive spike protein ELISA.","volume":"9","author":"D Mohanraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e300-5","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020.1007","article-title":"Real-world experience of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in UK healthcare workers.","volume":"21","author":"A Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390-400","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30634-4","article-title":"Performance characteristics of five immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2: a head-to-head benchmark comparison.","volume":"20","author":"M Ainsworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-8","article-title":"COVID-19 care home testing guidance for regular and outbreak testing of staff and residents.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref-9","article-title":"Statistics\u202f\u00bb COVID-19 Vaccinations.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref-10","article-title":"Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref-11","article-title":"Capacity Tracker.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref-12","article-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) scaling up our testing programmes","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref-13","article-title":"Bailed out and burned out? 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.25302.r94000, Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Bioinformatics Institute, Matrix, 02 Oct 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-553\/v2#referee-response-94000","order":0,"name":"referee-response-94000","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.25302.r94001, Rebecca Cannings-John, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, 03 Sep 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/8-553\/v2#referee-response-94001","order":1,"name":"referee-response-94001","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by Wellcome (222907, <a href=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/222907>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35802\/222907<\/a>; a PhD Training Fellowship for Clinicians award to MK); National Institute for Health and Social Care Research Professorship (grant number 302435 to LS); Department of Health & Social Care (OS, AC, LS); UK Health Data Research (grant number LOND1 to AH); LS is funded by the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. This work is independent research funded by the Department of Health & Social Care (COVID-19 surveillance studies). Views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, Public Health England, UKHSA or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}