{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:43:00Z","timestamp":1788874980648,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where antibiotic misuse is common and awareness is limited. In Cambodia, misconceptions about antibiotics, such as their use for viral infections and common ailments, are widespread. Culturally relevant strategies are needed to communicate complex health messages to diverse audiences. This study aims to explore the impact of a co-designed, circus-based engagement project on community understanding and perceptions of AMR and antibiotics. Methods A qualitative case study design was employed. From May 20 to June 25, 2025, data were collected through 15 Semi-Structured Interviews (SSI) and three Focus Group Discussions (FGD) following performances in Battambang and Siem Reap provinces. Participants represented varied backgrounds and ages (16-60 years). The SSIs and FGDs, conducted in Khmer and translated into English, were complemented by field observations from live performances. All transcripts underwent thematic analysis, and findings are presented based on the research question. Results Four key themes were identified: (1) Baseline knowledge and misconceptions \u2012 antibiotics were often seen as general-purpose medicines, (2) Community medicine use \u2012 treatment-seeking relied heavily on informal sellers, peer recommendations, and often entailed incomplete courses, (3) Audience interpretation of the performances \u2012 humour and familiar scenarios supported message recall, though some confusion remained, (4) Key takeaways and intended change \u2012 many participants reported plans to seek medical advice from appropriate health services before taking antibiotics and to share correct information with others. Conclusions Circus-based engagement was received as a creative and culturally resonant form of health communication that could translate complex biomedical concepts into accessible, and memorable narratives. In Southeast Asia and other LMIC settings with high AMR burdens, such co-designed approaches to knowledge translation could complement conventional education strategies and bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and everyday health practices.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.25343.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:04:06Z","timestamp":1770822246000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acrobatics for Antibiotics: Exploring circus-based engagement on community practices surrounding antimicrobial resistance in Cambodia"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4713-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashaad","family":"Wijntuin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam North Holland Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moul","family":"Vanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battambang Action for Health Development"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thyl","family":"Miliya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siem Reap Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phallina","family":"Thong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battambang Phare Ponleu Selpak"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phal","family":"Chanpheakdey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sambou","family":"Bran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siem Reap Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaryan","family":"Dahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florine","family":"van Driessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam North Holland University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Liverani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London England London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Almasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong N\/A Productions"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hem","family":"Vattanak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battambang The Fringe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Wynberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"},{"name":"Amsterdam North Holland Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rusheng","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"},{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Canberra Canberra Health Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mom","family":"Ean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battambang Phare Ponleu Selpak"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"M. Batty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"},{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Davoeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battambang Provincial Health Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Voeurng","family":"Bunreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battambang Provincial Health Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kros","family":"Sarath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siem Reap Provincial Health Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6327-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phaik Yeong","family":"Cheah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"},{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidonn","family":"Krang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phnom Penh Cambodian Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dysoley","family":"Lek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phnom Penh National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control"},{"name":"Phnom Penh University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siem Reap Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit"},{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam North Holland Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bipin","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"},{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"J Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Bangkok Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit"},{"name":"Oxford England University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref-2","article-title":"Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance.","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199-1226","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990-2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050.","volume":"404","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98-107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.05.036","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Cambodia: a review.","volume":"85","author":"T Reed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0187-y","article-title":"Pervasive antibiotic misuse in the Cambodian community: antibiotic-seeking behaviour with unrestricted access.","volume":"6","author":"C Om","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa115","article-title":"Public knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding antibiotic use and resistance in Cambodia.","volume":"3","author":"J Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00048-e00119","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00048-19","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: progress and challenges in eight South Asian and Southeast Asian countries.","volume":"33","author":"S Gandra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101310","article-title":"Bacterial antibiotic resistance: the most critical pathogens.","volume":"10","author":"G Mancuso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061340","article-title":"Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to current antibacterial agents and approaches to resolve it.","volume":"25","author":"Z Breijyeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"ref-10","article-title":"The burden of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Cambodia.","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188-195","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa076","article-title":"Engaging ethnic minority communities through performance and arts: health education in Cambodian forest villages.","volume":"13","author":"J Callery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Health."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52-62","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dar086","article-title":"Evaluating educational media using traditional folk songs ('lam\u2019) in Laos: a health message combined with oral tradition.","volume":"27","author":"I Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Promot Int."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12594.2","article-title":"Drama as a community engagement strategy for malaria in rural Cambodia [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]\n.","volume":"2","author":"R Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36367\/ntqr.20.3.2024.e920","article-title":"Cultural adaptation of health interventions for ethnic communities in vulnerable settings: a qualitative data synthesis.","volume":"20","author":"M Bautista-Gomez","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Trends in Qualitative Research."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-023-00532-1","article-title":"Matching barriers and facilitators to implementation strategies: recommendations for community settings.","volume":"4","author":"L Balis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_321_19","article-title":"Qualitative methods in health care research.","volume":"12","author":"V Renjith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94-110","DOI":"10.1177\/0038022920970318","article-title":"Case study methodology of qualitative research: key attributes and navigating the conundrums in its application.","volume":"70","author":"A Priya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sociol Bull."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2018-000057","article-title":"Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour.","volume":"7","author":"M DeJonckheere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fam Med Community Health."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381-388","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732317697102","article-title":"A guide to field notes for qualitative research: context and conversation.","volume":"28","author":"J Phillippi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Health Res."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228-237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04559.x","article-title":"Combining individual interviews and focus groups to enhance data richness.","volume":"62","author":"S Lambert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs."},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349-357","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care."},{"key":"ref-22","article-title":"Phare Ponleu Selpak | The Brightness of the arts in Cambodia","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11287462.2024.2361968","article-title":"A youth advisory group on health and health research in rural Cambodia.","volume":"35","author":"M Ean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob Bioeth."},{"key":"ref-24","article-title":"AMR circus","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref-25","article-title":"TikTok - make your day"},{"key":"ref-26","article-title":"AMR circus in Cambodia","author":"N Almasy","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193-197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.10.011","article-title":"The drugs don\u2019t work: evaluation of educational theatre to gauge and influence public opinion on antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"104","author":"R Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"ref-28","article-title":"Concerns raised over misuse of antibiotics in Cambodia"},{"key":"ref-29","article-title":"Circus act puts antibiotic misuse in spotlight"},{"key":"ref-30","article-title":"Cambodia District Population Projection 2020\u20132033 Gov.kh"},{"key":"ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893-1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8","article-title":"Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization.","volume":"52","author":"B Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Quant."},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77-101","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology.","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol."},{"key":"ref-33","article-title":"The #1 interview analysis tool - faster & easier"},{"key":"ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11040471","article-title":"Socio-demographic factors associated with antibiotics and antibiotic resistance knowledge and practices in Vietnam: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"11","author":"K Di","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)."},{"key":"ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126-1135","DOI":"10.37506\/ijfmt.v16i1.17647","article-title":"Inappropriate use of antibiotics among children under five in rural and urban communities of Cambodia.","volume":"16","author":"N Yong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol."},{"key":"ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21-30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(03)00140-9","article-title":"Comparison of health-seeking behaviour between poor and better-off people after health sector reform in Cambodia.","volume":"118","author":"S Yanagisawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health."},{"key":"ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-015-0173-5","article-title":"A systematic review of adolescent physiological development and its relationship with health-related behaviour: a protocol.","volume":"5","author":"J Pringle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"key":"ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2020.1824383","article-title":"Rural community perceptions of antibiotic access and understanding of antimicrobial resistance: qualitative evidence from the health and demographic surveillance system site in Matlab, Bangladesh.","volume":"12","author":"M Chowdhury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Health Action."},{"key":"ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2021.663389","article-title":"Tailoring content for authenticity and adoption: community-based participatory research and the co-creation of story-based health communication for underserved communities.","volume":"6","author":"M Villar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Commun."},{"key":"ref-40","article-title":"Breaking behavioural barriers: fighting antibiotic misuse in Cambodia through youth-led creativity","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-023-01226-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of using humor appeal in health promotion materials: evidence from an experimental study in Japan.","volume":"81","author":"M Suka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Public Health."},{"key":"ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146-156","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198118760682","article-title":"Exploring the potential of participatory theatre to reduce stigma and promote health equity for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) people in Swaziland and Lesotho.","volume":"46","author":"C Logie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav."},{"key":"ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.85101","article-title":"Entertainment as intervention: a strategic blueprint for public health in media.","volume":"17","author":"S Lakhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01454","article-title":"The influences of emotion on learning and memory.","volume":"8","author":"C Tyng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86-88","DOI":"10.1177\/0253717620977000","article-title":"The inconvenient truth about convenience and purposive samples.","volume":"43","author":"C Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med."},{"key":"ref-46","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and Superbugs Awareness Survey results"},{"key":"ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175-1178","DOI":"10.3126\/nje.v12i1.43633","article-title":"The growing importance of mixed-methods research in health.","volume":"12","author":"S Wasti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nepal J Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E537-E540","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.63","article-title":"Longitudinal studies.","volume":"7","author":"E Caruana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"ref-49","article-title":"COREQ checklist (ED1).","author":"R Wijntuin","year":"2025","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-50","article-title":"Performance description.","author":"R Wijntuin","year":"2025","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-51","article-title":"SSI guide.","author":"R Wijntuin","year":"2025","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-52","article-title":"FGD guide.","author":"R Wijntuin","year":"2025","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-53","article-title":"Coding tree.","author":"R Wijntuin","year":"2025","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["Wellcome Open Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/11-104\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/11-104\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/11-104\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:04:08Z","timestamp":1777273448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/11-104\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.25343.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.27927.r148506","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.27927.r153003","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.27927.r148506","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.27927.r153003","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.27927.r153004","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-502X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-502X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/11-104\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.27927.r148506, Joanna Blackburn, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, 12 Mar 2026, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/11-104\/v1#referee-response-148506","order":0,"name":"referee-response-148506","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/wellcomeopenres.27927.r153003, Jayshree Dawane, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, 27 Apr 2026, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/11-104\/v1#referee-response-153003","order":1,"name":"referee-response-153003","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [215604\/Z\/19\/Z; 220211\/Z\/20\/Z; 315982\/Z\/24\/Z). For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}