{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:12:43Z","timestamp":1778767963335,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.25935.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.25935.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000}}],"reference-count":50,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI117304-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI117304-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T016272\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T016272\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["218676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["218676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["ERC-CoG864180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-CoG864180"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["DGE1144152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE1144152"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wellcomeopenresearch.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wellcome Open Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background One of the major challenges for malaria elimination is combating the highly efficient spread of the disease. Despite progress in understanding the development of malaria transmission stages, there remain many unanswered questions about how gametocytes transition from being immature to infectious. In\n                    <ns3:italic>Plasmodium falciparum,<\/ns3:italic>\n                    immature gametocytes are rigid and sequester outside of circulation in the extravascular space of the bone marrow, while deformable, mature stages are found in circulation and transmitted to mosquitoes. It is currently unclear whether deformable gametocytes are immediately infectious to mosquitoes, or whether they undergo activation upon release into circulation. Methods We used a combination of phenotypic assays and transcriptional analysis to define the transition from immature non-infectious to mature infectious gametocyte. Specifically, we associated gene expression with distinct phenotypic traits: gametocyte deformability assessed by microsphere filtration, and gametocyte infectivity assessed by exflagellation and mosquito feeding assays. Conclusions Our data revealed major transcriptional differences between input and deformable (i.e., filtered) gametocytes, but high similarity between deformable and infectious gametocytes. In combination with exflagellation and transmission results upon mosquito feeding assays, this suggests that deformable gametocytes are immediately infectious upon release from the bone marrow. The transcriptional analysis revealed a comprehensive set of infectivity markers that can be utilized to track gametocytes during their development and serve as diagnostic tools to map the human infectious reservoir.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.25935.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:34:09Z","timestamp":1778765649000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Defining the signature of deformable and infectious Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5553-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepali","family":"Ravel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Infectious Diseases Boston Massachusetts Harvard University T H Chan School of Public 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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}