{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:10:58Z","timestamp":1774602658228,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.20500.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000}}],"reference-count":21,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.54499\/UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.54499\/UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.5449\/UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.5449\/UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.06116.CEECIND\/CP2859\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06116.CEECIND\/CP2859\/CT0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000900","name":"Joint Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["36506-2\/2021-1-RD-ELSA-ReactionWall"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["36506-2\/2021-1-RD-ELSA-ReactionWall"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Res Europe"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>In the scope of the Dissipate&amp;Recentre project, which was granted access to the ELSA Reaction Wall of the Joint Research Centre physical research infrastructure of the European Commission, large scale composite frame structures were tested under lateral loading. The test specimens, comprising pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) profiles, connected with stainless steel elements, had two longitudinal (test direction) bays, two storeys and a shorter transverse bay. Concrete slabs were provided as flooring system, simulating a quasi-permanent load level \u2013 as that used in seismic design. A total of 4 full-scale specimens were tested, two including a bracing system, also comprising pultruded GFRP profiles, and two without bracings. For each configuration, one specimen was tested under monotonic loading and the other under cyclic loading. The aim of this paper is to disseminate the experimental data obtained in these tests. To that end, the experimental campaign is thoroughly described, including all the relevant details of the test specimens, the construction process, the setup and instrumentation, and the test programme. Additionally, a brief description of the test observations is also provided. The test results showed that the structural integrity of these GFRP frames was maintained up to 2% inter-storey drifts, for both braced and unbraced configurations, presenting very limited damage. These results indicate that GFRP frame structures may be designed to withstand significant seismic actions.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.20500.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T10:34:09Z","timestamp":1768386849000},"page":"308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/openreseurope.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissipate and Recentre (D&amp;R) experimental campaign on real scale GFRP composite frame structures: data set"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0687-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonilha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ram\u00f4a Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Buttazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6435-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2658-6009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Peloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406-19","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000355","article-title":"Progressive failure and ductility of FRP composites for construction: review.","volume":"17","author":"L Bank","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Compos Constr."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263-276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2017.03.049","article-title":"Development of a novel beam-to-column connection system for pultruded GFRP tubular profiles.","volume":"171","author":"D Martins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos Struct."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304-317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2019.03.097","article-title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of GFRP frame structures. Part 1: cyclic behaviour at the connection level.","volume":"220","author":"D Martins","year":"2019a","journal-title":"Compos Struct."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2021.107719","article-title":"Exterior beam-to-column bolted connections between GFRP I-shaped pultruded profiles using stainless steel cleats. Part 1: experimental study.","volume":"163","author":"D Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.113165","article-title":"Monotonic and cyclic behaviour of cuff beam-to-column connection system for tubular pultruded GFRP profiles.","volume":"247","author":"D Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eng Struct."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.113294","article-title":"Monotonic and cyclic behaviour of a stainless steel cuff system for beam-to-column connections between pultruded I-section GFRP profiles.","volume":"249","author":"D Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eng Struct."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194-208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2019.03.098","article-title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of GFRP frame structures. Part 2: monotonic and cyclic sway behaviour of plane frames.","volume":"220","author":"D Martins","year":"2019b","journal-title":"Compos Struct."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461-2477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2023.07.035","article-title":"Monotonic and cyclic sway behaviour of 2-dimensional frames made of pultruded GFRP I-section profiles.","volume":"55","author":"D Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Structures."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JCCOF2.CCENG-4562","article-title":"Seismic response of three-dimensional pultruded GFRP frames.","volume":"28","author":"J Gonilha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Compos Constr."},{"key":"ref-10","article-title":"CEN\/TS 19101:2022 \u2013 Design of fibre-polymer composite structures.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref-11","article-title":"Pultruded CE marked profiles profiles technical sheet.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref-12","article-title":"EN 10088:2024 - stainless steels.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref-13","article-title":"ASTM A240\/A240M-23 - standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref-14","article-title":"ISO 3506:2020 - fasteners \u2014 mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref-15","article-title":"ISO 898-1:2013 - fasteners \u2014 mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref-16","article-title":"EN 2016:2013+A2:2021 \u2013 concrete \u2013 specification, performance, production and conformity.","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref-17","article-title":"EN 10080:2005 \u2013 steel for the reinforcement of concrete \u2013 Weldable reinforcing steel \u2013 general.","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref-18","article-title":"TECNOGRIP s.r.l. sistemi construttivi d\u2019avanguardia. Cat. 11\/06."},{"key":"ref-19","article-title":"ELSA, structure of the experimental datasets.","author":"S Peloso","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7657-7688","DOI":"10.1080\/13632469.2021.1979134","article-title":"Ethernet-based servo-hydraulic real-time controller and DAQ at ELSA for large scale experiments.","volume":"26","author":"M Peroni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Earthq Eng."},{"key":"ref-22","article-title":"ELSA - Procedure for calibration and verification of displacement and rotation measuring systems.","author":"S Peloso","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Open Research Europe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:34:07Z","timestamp":1774600447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/openreseurope.20500.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/openreseurope.20500.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68655","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68657","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68076","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68655","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68657","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68076","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2732-5121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-5121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68076, Marco Civera, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Piedmont, 19 Jan 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2#referee-response-68076","order":0,"name":"referee-response-68076","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/openreseurope.22184.r62457, Haitham Al-Thairy, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, 13 Nov 2025, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v1#referee-response-62457","order":1,"name":"referee-response-62457","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Jose Gonilha<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 02 Jan 2026<\/i>; The authors thank the reviewer for the overall positive assessment of the paper. Below, you can find a detailed reply to each of your specific comments: \n<b>Reply 1:<\/b> The authors agree that the presence of the concrete slab influences the behaviour of the frame, particularly due to the increase in total weight. However, we would like to raise the attention of the reviewer to the fact that this was precisely the objective of using the concrete slabs: to simulate the weight of a floor system used in composite structures (e.g., sandwich panels), the weight of other permanent loads (partition walls, furniture, etc), and the quasi-permanent part of the live loads, thereby encompassing the weight used in the seismic design combination. Additionally, the authors acknowledge that local failure of the connection details is a possibility, which was prevented by overdesigning these connections \u2013 note that the localized failure in the shear connection that was observed (in a single specimen) was due to an error in the construction process, and did not occur during the test. Moreover, as stated in the manuscript, the \u201cdesign of the slabs guaranteed that there was no concrete-GFRP composite action in the vicinity of the supports, and that the slabs did not transmit bending moments from one span to the other\u201d; this minimizes the composite action between the beams and the slabs, localizing it at the centre of the spans, which play a smaller role in the sway behaviour of the frames. \n<b>Reply 2:<\/b> The use of quasi-static experimental tests to simulate the response of structures to earthquake actions is a well-established practice (e.g., https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1193\/1.1585869). This technique allows the cost-effective assessment of structural systems, particularly at large scales, contributing with a wealth of data that allows to determine their seismic behaviour. It should also be noted that the data obtained with sway-tests closely relates with that of seismic design procedures, namely P-delta analysis. Furthermore, the outcomes of cyclic tests are recognised as the most suitable for the estimation of structural capacity, and the calibration of numerical models, also due to the valuable information about the stability of structural response and energy-dissipation capacity. \n<b>Reply 3:<\/b> The different signs of the top and bottom storey loads are attributed to the fact that the displacement history imposed on the specimens diverged, at some point, from the first modal configuration of the specimens. As mentioned in the paper, the modal shapes were obtained from preliminary numerical models. In practice, when the stiffness of the connections change, in this case due to surpassing the friction limit, the modal characteristics of the structure change. This can result in the imposition of an unnatural deformations, namely regarding the top\/bottom displacement ratios. This discussion has not been included in this paper because this is a data paper, focused on providing all experimental data and information about the test results. Future papers will focus on the analysis and discussion of the results. It can be added that the authors know this effect could have been avoided adopting different control strategies. For instance, imposing displacement-controlled cycles at the second floor, while applying force-controlled cycles (e.g. imposing a constant ratio between the forces at the first and at the second stories equal to 0.5) would have avoided the story-forces to counteract each other. On the other hand, such a loading strategy would have activated a soft-story mechanisms preventing the possibility to achieve the maximum capacity of the second storey. \n<b>Reply 4:<\/b> The plots (Figures 39, 41, 40, and 43) have been changed following the reviewer\u2019s recommendation.","URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2#referee-comment-4963","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-4963","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68657, Mohammadreza Vafaei, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, 10 Feb 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2#referee-response-68657","order":3,"name":"referee-response-68657","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.21956\/openreseurope.24516.r68655, Angelo Savio Calabrese, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 11 Feb 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu\/articles\/5-308\/v2#referee-response-68655","order":4,"name":"referee-response-68655","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The experimental data used in this research were generated through access to the ELSA Reaction Wall under the framework of access to the Joint Research Centre physical research Infrastructures of the European Commission (Dissipate&Recentre project, Research Infrastructure Access Agreement Nr. 36506-2\/2021-1-RD-ELSA-ReactionWall). The first author acknowledges Fundac\u0327a\u0303o para a Cie\u0302ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) for its financial support via the project LAETA Base Funding (DOI: 10.54499\/UIDB\/50022\/2020). He also acknowledges the support of FCT through the financing of his research contract (DOI: 2023.06116.CEECIND\/CP2859\/CT0001). The second author also acknowledges FCT for its financial support through CERIS (DOI: 10.5449\/UIDB\/04625\/2020). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":5,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}