{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T09:40:08Z","timestamp":1724146808147},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Engineering and Technology Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jcm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is one of the most frequently used wireless communication technology. As every wireless network, LTE is vulnerable to physical layer (PHY) jamming attacks due to the broadcast nature of channels. Since the jammer attacks are getting smarter and energy efficient, they can target a specific region or physical channel instead of entire band. Targeting the physical LTE downlink Synchronization Signals (SS) could be the most dangerous objective. In this paper, we investigate LTE PHY jamming attack against only primary and secondary synchronization signals. Jammer detection is performed by using Neyman-Pearson theorem. Then, a countermeasure method is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed countermeasure can achieve lower pollution and better correct cell id performances during smart jamming attack against SS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.15.8.626-632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T03:27:45Z","timestamp":1609212465000},"page":"626-632","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Countermeasure against Smart Jamming Attacks on LTE Synchronization Signals"],"prefix":"10.12720","author":[{"name":"Wireless Communication Research Laboratory (WCRL), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul and 34469, Turkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"Eygi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunes Karabulut","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4977","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[1] C. Eric M. Silva, G. J. Dolecek, and F. J. Harris, \"Cell search in long term evolution systems: Primary and secondary synchronization,\" in Proc. IEEE 3rd Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS), 2012, pp. 1-4.","key":"ref0","DOI":"10.1109\/LASCAS.2012.6180345"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[2] B. Shoba and K. Jayanthi, \"Low complex primary and secondary synchronization signal structure design for LTE systems,\" in Proc. International Conference on Microwave, Optical and Communication Engineering (ICMOCE), IEEE, 2015, pp. 467-470.","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMOCE.2015.7489794"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[3] M. Lichtman, R. P. Jover, M. Labib, R. Rao, V. Marojevic, and J. H. Reed, \"LTE\/LTE-A jamming, spoofing, and sniffing: threat assessment and mitigation,\" IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 54-61, 2016.","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7452266"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[4] M. Lichtman, J. H. Reed, T. C. Clancy, and M. Norton, \"Vulnerability of LTE to hostile interference,\" in Proc. IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing, 2013, pp. 285-288.","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2013.6736871"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[5] M. Labib, V. Marojevic, J. H. Reed, and A. I. Zaghloul, \"How to enhance the immunity of LTE systems against RF spoofing,\" in Proc. International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1-5.","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2016.7440650"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[6] X. Li, X. Xie, J. Zeng, and Y. Wang, \"Vulnerability analysis and verification for LTE initial synchronization mechanism,\" in Proc. 36th IEEE Sarnoff Symposium, IEEE, 2015, pp. 150-154.","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1109\/SARNOF.2015.7324660"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[7] R. Krenz and S. Brahma, \"Jamming LTE signals,\" in Proc. IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom), 2015, pp. 72-76.","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom.2015.7185089"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[8] Y. Coskun, M. Eygi, G. Sezgin, and G. K. Kurt, \"Jamming resilience of lte networks: A measurement study,\" in Proc. International Telecommunications Conference, Springer, 2019, pp. 151-162.","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-0408-8_13"},{"unstructured":"[9] G. Philippe, F. Montaigne, J. C. Schiel, E. Georgeaux, C. Gruet, Y. Roy, et al, \"LTE resistance to jamming capability: To which extend a standard LTE system is able to resist to intentional jammers,\" in Proc. Military Communications and Information Systems Conference, 2013, pp. 1-4.","key":"ref8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[10] D. Chu, \"Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties,\" IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 531-532, 1972.","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1972.1054840"},{"unstructured":"[11] Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access, \"Physical channels and modulation,\" 3GPP TS 36.211. V10.2, 2009.","key":"ref10"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] J. J. V. D. Beek, O. Edfors, M. Sandell, S. K. Wilson, and P. O. Borjesson, \"On channel estimation in OFDM systems,\" in Proc. IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conference, 1995, pp. 815-819.","key":"ref11","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1995.504981"},{"unstructured":"[13] A. Mehmood and W. A. Cheema, \"Channel estimation for lte downlink,\" M.S. thesis, Dept. Electrical Eng., Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden 2009.","key":"ref12"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[14] H. F. Wang, C. P. Hwang, and M. S Chen, \"The error vector magnitude (EVM) performance in LTE downlink,\" in Proc. Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC), IEEE, 2019, pp. 1-3.","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.1109\/CSQRWC.2019.8799183"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[15] H. A. Mahmoud and H. Arslan, \"Error vector magnitude to SNR conversion for nondata-aided receivers,\" IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2694-2704, 2009.","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080862"},{"unstructured":"[16] S. M. Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, Prentice Hall PTR, 1993.","key":"ref15"}],"container-title":["Journal of Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/uploadfile\/2020\/0707\/20200707024254837.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T08:35:23Z","timestamp":1724142923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/show-243-1578-1.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":16,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12720\/jcm.15.8.626-632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1796-2021"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1796-2021"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}