{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T19:06:14Z","timestamp":1746299174190},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Engineering and Technology Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jcm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A MIMO-OFDM wireless communication technique possesses several advantages accrued from combining MIMO and OFDM techniques such as increased channel capacity and improved BER performance. This has made the technique very amiable to current and future generations of communication systems for high data-rate transmission. However, the technique also inherits the high PAPR problem associated with OFDM signals\u2014a problem still requiring a practical solution. This work proposes a PAPR reduction algorithm for solving the problem of high PAPR in MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed method uses a low-complexity signal mixing concept to combine the original transmit signal and a generated peak-cancelling signal. The computational complexity of the proposed method is O(M) , which is very much less than O(N log2 N) of the FFT algorithms. This is because M, which denotes the number of nonzero peakcancelling samples, is much less than N, the FFT window size. The proposed method was found to achieve high PAPR reductions while utilizing only a few nonzero peak-cancelling samples and it does not significantly change the power of the transmitted signal. For example, with M=5% of 256-point IFFT samples, corresponding to a data rate loss of 4.8%, a large PAPR reduction of 5.9 dB could be achieved at a small power loss of 0.09 dB. Compared with other methods proposed in literature, the proposed method was found to outperform them in terms of PAPR reductions and BER performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.16.11.468-478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T06:09:56Z","timestamp":1635228596000},"page":"468-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM Systems Using Low- Complexity Additive Signal Mixing"],"prefix":"10.12720","author":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kiambi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elijah","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kamucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4977","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[1] Y. Cho, J. Kim, W. Yang, and C. Kang, MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore, 2010.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470825631"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[2] Y. Rahmatallah and S. Mohan, \"Peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems: A survey and taxonomy,\" IEEE Comm. Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1567-1592, 2013.","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.021313.00164"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[3] Y. Lou\u00ebt and J. Palicot, \"A classification of methods for efficient power amplification of signals,\" Annals of Telecom., vol. 63, no. 7-8, pp. 351-368, 2008,.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-008-0035-4"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[4] J. Armstrong, \"Peak-to-average power reduction for OFDM by repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering,\" IEE Electronic Lett , pp. 246-247, 2002.","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20020175"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[5] R. Zayani, H. Shaiek, and D. Roviras, \"PAPR-aware massive MIMO-OFDM downlink,\" IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 25474-25484, 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2900128"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[6] Vallavaraj, B. G. Stewart, and D. K. Harrison, \"An evaluation of modified \u03bc-law companding to reduce the PAPR of OFDM systems,\" AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun., vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 844-857, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2009.07.013"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[7] H. B. Jeon, J. S. No, and D. J. Shin, \"A low-complexity SLM scheme using additive mapping sequences for PAPR reduction of OFDM signals,\" IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 866-875, 2011.","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2011.2151570"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[8] T. Jiang, C. Ni, and L. Guan, \"A novel phase offset SLM scheme for PAPR reduction in alamouti MIMO-OFDM systems without side information,\" IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 383-386, 2013.","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2013.2245119"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[9] Lahcen, A. Saida, and A. Adel, \"Low computation complexity PTS scheme for PAPR reduction of MIMOOFDM systems,\" in Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Interdispl. in Eng., Procedia Eng., vol. 181, 2017, pp. 876-883.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.02.480"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"[10] S. Kiambi, E. Mwangi, and G. Kamucha, \"An iterative Re- Weighted least-squares tone reservation method for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems,\" WSEAS Trans. on Comm., vol. 18, pp. 153-161, 2019."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[11] Ni, Y. Ma, and T. Jiang, \"A novel adaptive tone reservation scheme for PAPR reduction in large-scale multiuser MIMO-OFDM systems,\" IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 480-483, 2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2016.2588489"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[12] Tang, K. Qin, and H. Mei \"A hybrid approach to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signals using clipping and companding,\" IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 18984-18994, 2020.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2968560"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[13] B. Bakkas, I. Chana, and H. Ben-Azza, \"PAPR reduction in MIMO-OFDM based on polar codes and companding,\" Proc. IEEE CommNet, 2019, pp. 1-6.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMMNET.2019.8742379"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"[14] Beena, S. Pillai, and N. Vijayakumar, \"Hybrid PTSclipping scheme for PAPR reduction in MIMO-OFDM systems,\" Int. Journal of Applied Eng. Research, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 9924-9928, 2018."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[15] Sandoval, G. Poitau, and F. Gagnon, \"Hybrid peak-toaverage power ratio reduction techniques: review and performance comparison,\" IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 27145-27161, 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2775859"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[16] S. Singh and A. Kumar, \"Performance analysis of adaptive clipping technique for reduction of PAPR in Alamouti coded MIMO-OFDM systems,\" Procedia Comp. Sci. 93, 609 - 616, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.07.246"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[17] Abdullah and M. Hidayat, \"SCS-SLM PAPR reduction technique in STBC MIMO-OFDM systems,\" in Proc.7th IEEE ICCSCE, Penang, Malaysia, 2017, pp. 104-109.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSCE.2017.8284388"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[18] Sandoval, G. Poitau, and F. Gagnon, \"On optimizing the PAPR of OFDM signals with coding, companding, and MIMO,\" IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 24132-24139, 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2899965"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[19] B. Horvath and B. Botlik, \"Optimization of tone reservation-based PAPR reduction for OFDM systems,\" Radio Engineering, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 791-797, 2017.","DOI":"10.13164\/re.2017.0791"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"[20] M. Habibi and M. Naeiny, \"Selective tone reservation method for PAPR reduction in SFBC-OFDM systems,\" J. of Commun. Eng., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 109-122, 2014."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[21] S. Alamouti, \"A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications,\" IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1451-1458, 1998.","DOI":"10.1109\/49.730453"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[22] Dahlman, S. Parkvall, J. Sk\u00f6ld, and P. Beming, 3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband, 1st ed., Elsevier Ltd, London, UK, 2007.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012372533-2\/50016-0"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"[23] J. Andrews, A. Ghosh, and R. Muhamed, Fundamentals of WiMAX: Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking, Pearson Education, Inc., USA, 2007."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[24] M. Sharif, M. Gharavi-Alkhansari, and B. H. Khalaj, \"New results on the peak power of OFDM signals based on oversampling,\" in Proc. IEEE ICC, vol. 2, 2002, pp. 866-871.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2002.996979"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"[25] J. Tellado, \"Peak to average power reduction for multicarrier modulation,\" Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 2000."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"[26] A. Ben-Israel and T. N. E. Greville, Generalized Inverses: Theory and Applications, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"[27] R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires, Numerical Analysis, Brooks\/Cole, Cengage Learning, 9th ed., Boston, USA, 2011."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"[28] L. Xin and W. Yi, \"A new weighted tone reservation method for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems,\" J. of Commun., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 980-986, 2014."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"[29] Rapp, \"Effects of HPA-nonlinearity on a 4-DPSK\/OFDMsignal for a digital sound broadcasting signal,\" in Proc. 2nd Eur. Conf. Satell. Commun., Li\u00e8ge, Belgium, Oct. 1991, pp. 179-184."}],"container-title":["Journal of Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/uploadfile\/2021\/1022\/20211022020931354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T20:23:21Z","timestamp":1725999801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/show-261-1699-1.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12720\/jcm.16.11.468-478","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-4367"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2374-4367"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}