{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T13:39:38Z","timestamp":1752673178017},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Engineering and Technology Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jcm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of Orthogonal Vertical Beamforming (OVB) is proposed in this paper to eliminate interference when users remain at the same angle in the horizontal plane but are positioned at different distances. This orthogonal property helps systems avoid interference in the vertical direction of the mainbeam. A fully constructed prototype tested in a real indoor environment validates the proposed concept, revealing that the proposed OVB provides higher Signal Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and Packet Error Rate (PER) in the vertical plane than conventional vertical beamforming and Orthogonal Beamforming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.16.11.516-521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T06:09:56Z","timestamp":1635228596000},"page":"516-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Prototype Orthogonal Vertical Beamforming for Indoor Wireless Communications"],"prefix":"10.12720","author":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paleerat","family":"Wongchampa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4977","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[1] K. K. K. Fong and S. K. S. Wong, \"Wi-Fi adoption and security in Hong Kong,\" Asian Social Science, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1-22, 2016.","DOI":"10.5539\/ass.v12n6p1"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"[2] Pace Technical: Is Fast Wi-Fi the Most Basic of Human Needs? [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.pacetechnical.com\/fast-wifi-basic-humanneeds\/"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"[3] Berk-Tek, A NEXANS Company. Basic Human Needs: Food, shelter, and\u2026Wireless? [Online]. Available: https:\/\/eipblog.net\/2017\/08\/15\/basic-human-needs-foodshelter- andwireless\/"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[4] T. Varum, A. Ramos, and J. N. Matos. \"Planar microstrip series-fed array for 5G applications with beamforming capabilities,\" in Proc. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on 5G Hardware and System Technologies (IMWS-5G), Aug. 2018, pp. 30-31.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMWS-5G.2018.8484697"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[5] T. Sai Saranya, \"Hybrid digital beamforming design for massive planar antenna array for 5G communication,\" in Proc. International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking (ViTECoN), March 2019, pp. 30-31.","DOI":"10.1109\/ViTECoN.2019.8899392"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[6] Y. J. Song, S. J. Lim, S. K. Lee. and J. S. Jang, \"Adaptive digital beamforming for uplink coverage enhancement in 5G NR system,\" in Proc. 27th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR), Nov. 2019, pp. 26-27.","DOI":"10.1109\/TELFOR48224.2019.8971225"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[7] P. Wongchampa and M. Uthansakul, \"Orthogonal beamforming for multiuser wireless communications,\" IEEE Antennas & Propagation magazine, pp. 38-49, August 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2706668"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[8] W. Lee, et al, \"Downlink vertical beamforming designs for Multi-User MISO systems,\" in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, May 2015.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2015.7145790"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[9] J. Fan, et al., \"Vertical beamforming with downtilt optimization in downlink cellular networks,\" in Proc. IEEE Global Communications Conference, Dec 2015.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2015.7417487"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[10] H. Liu, Y. Zhang, and J. Luo, Distributed Antenna Systems: Open Architecture for Future Wireless Communications, Auerbach Publication, 2007.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420042894"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[11] D. Tse and P. Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Cambridge University Press, 2005.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807213"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[12] J. C. A. Barata and M. S. Hussein, \"The moore-penrose pseudoinverse,\" A Tutorial Review of the Theory, pp. 1-23, 2011.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13538-011-0052-z"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[13] P. Wongchampa, \"Reduction of interference using orthogonal vertical beamforming in an indoor communication,\" in Proc. MATEC Web of Conference, 2019.","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201927702013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/uploadfile\/2021\/1022\/20211022023931959.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T07:36:37Z","timestamp":1637825797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/show-261-1705-1.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":13,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12720\/jcm.16.11.516-521","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-4367"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2374-4367"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}