{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T21:38:36Z","timestamp":1755034716282},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Engineering and Technology Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jcm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Secure data transmission is one of the biggest challenges for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) due to its dynamic and infrastructure-less characteristics. Such security services become a demand to provide safe and secure conversation between automobiles. In this paper, two optimized secure routing protocol for VANETs were proposed: 1) Secure Tilted-Rectangular-Shaped Request Zone Location-Aided Routing protocol (STRS-RZLAR); 2) Secure Cone-Shaped Request Zone LAR (SCS-RZLAR). Each proposed secure protocol integrates a security unit with an optimized shape request zone. The security unit in both protocols is a multi-layer unit that adopts two security agreement protocols: 1) modified Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol; 2) short authentication string (SAS)-based key agreement protocol. The overall communication scheme is performed using Wi-Fi Direct out-of-band channels. The proposed secure protocols provide a reliable and secure data transmission between automobiles in a VANET and thus making it robust against man-in-the-middle attack (MITMA). Extensive simulations using three main network parameters: vehicular node density, number of malicious nodes and vehicle speed show that the proposed secure routing protocols provide superior performance regarding data delivery and normalized routing load (NRL) with a trade-off in average end to end packet delay. From the other side, Simulation results show that SCS-RZLAR protocol outperforms the STRS-RZLAR protocol regarding NRL and average end to end packet delay, while STRS-RZLAR protocol outperforms the SCS-RZLAR protocol regarding data delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.17.3.156-166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T02:22:21Z","timestamp":1646101341000},"page":"156-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Secure Optimized Request Zone Location-Aided Routing"],"prefix":"10.12720","author":[{"name":"Tafila Technical University, Tafila 66110, Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maen S.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"4977","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"container-title":["Journal of Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/uploadfile\/2022\/0222\/20220222112449839.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T02:41:03Z","timestamp":1652409663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jocm.us\/show-266-1738-1.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12720\/jcm.17.3.156-166","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-4367"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2374-4367"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}