{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:02:40Z","timestamp":1780128160439,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Komitet Redakcyjno - Wydawniczy Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatr Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) are defined by the abrupt onset of tics and\/or obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms temporally linked to group A Streptococcus (GAS). Post-pandemic reports note a rebound of pediatric invasive GAS (iGAS), providing an epidemiologic backdrop for more frequent neuropsychiatric presentations. This narrative review (2020\u20132025; PubMed\/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, plus snowballing) synthesizes evidence on the PANDAS\/PANS\u2013GAS relationship, clinical spectrum, differential diagnosis with Sydenham chorea (SC), immunopathogenesis, and treatment. Beyond classic OCD and motor tics, the phenotype includes speech disfluency, ocular tics, and acute eating restriction with functional and nutritional risk. Immunologic data support molecular mimicry, Th17\/IL-17\u2013driven neuroinflammation, blood\u2012brain barrier dysfunction, and antineuronal or folate receptor-\u03b1 antibodies; however, no single validated biomarker exists, and antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-DNase B document exposure only. Management is individualized and multimodal: antibiotic eradication (with prophylaxis in selected, frequently relapsing cases), immunomodulation (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), therapeutic plasma exchange) for severe\/refractory courses, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy\/Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (CBT\/SSRIs) for core psychiatric symptoms. Contemporary data strengthen a post-streptococcal, immune-mediated framework while underscoring heterogeneous case definitions and the paucity of high-quality trials; prospective biomarker and treatment validation remain priorities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12740\/pp\/onlinefirst\/218782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T07:39:03Z","timestamp":1780126743000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PANDAS in the post-COVID era: links to group A Streptococcus and implications for pediatric neuropsychiatry \u2012 a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.12740","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Ko\u017alak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Stopyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Gisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5036","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"container-title":["Psychiatria Polska"],"original-title":["PANDAS w czasie post COVID-19: zwi\u0105zek z zaka\u017ceniem paciorkowcami grupy A i implikacje dla neuropsychiatrii dzieci\u0119cej \u2014 przegl\u0105d narracyjny."],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.psychiatriapolska.pl\/pdf-218782-140474","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.psychiatriapolska.pl\/pdf-218782-140474","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T07:39:03Z","timestamp":1780126743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.psychiatriapolska.pl\/PANDAS-in-the-post-COVID-era-links-to-group-A-Streptococcus-and-implications-for,218782,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["218782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12740\/pp\/onlinefirst\/218782","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2674","2391-5854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2674","type":"print"},{"value":"2391-5854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]}}}