{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:07:50Z","timestamp":1753884470441,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Ewha Medical Journal, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-emj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ewha Med J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                Objectives: Conservative treatment for distal radius fractures\n                    typically involves closed reduction and immobilization with a plaster cast.\n                    However, no consensus exists regarding the best method and duration for\n                    immobilization. This study investigated the functional outcomes associated with\n                    different plaster cast application techniques in the treatment of stable distal\n                    radius fractures.\n                Methods: A systematic search was performed in accordance with PRISMA\n                    guidelines for studies in the last 5 years. The inclusion criteria were\n                    randomized controlled trials that investigated non-operative treatments for\n                    distal radius fractures. We excluded studies with short-term follow-up (less\n                    than 3 months), ongoing trials, those that did not directly address fractures,\n                    and studies involving the use of sugar-tong splints or non-circular\n                    immobilization. The outcomes evaluated included subjective measures\n                    (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; Patient-Rated Wrist\n                    Evaluation score; Mayo Wrist Score; and visual analog scale) and objective\n                    outcomes (complication rate and radiological parameters).\n                Results: We included seven articles from 2017 to 2022. These studies\n                    reported a total of 542 fractures, predominantly in women, with a mean age of\n                    over 50 years. Both short and long arm casts demonstrated similar functional and\n                    radiological outcomes. A longer immobilization period (&gt;3 weeks) should\n                    be considered to prevent re-displacement.\n                Conclusion: In stable fractures treated conservatively, the use of\n                    both short and long arm casts resulted in comparable functional outcomes in\n                    older patients. Immobilization for at least 3 weeks is recommended, as it\n                    provided similar clinical and radiological outcomes compared to longer periods\n                    of immobilization (level of evidence: 2A).\n            <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12771\/emj.2024.e51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T06:56:09Z","timestamp":1727679369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12771\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of the long-term outcomes of cast immobilization methods\n                    in distal radius fractures: a systematic review of randomized controlled\n                    trials"],"prefix":"10.12771","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Florencia","family":"Deslivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6823-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Santosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-1156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherly Desnita","family":"Savio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4326-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Kholinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0650-3974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Made Bramantya","family":"Karna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9295-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anak Agung Gde Yuda","family":"Asmara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4998","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.26322","article-title":"The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in\n                        the United States","volume":"26","author":"Chung","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.02.005","article-title":"A systematic review of outcomes and complications of treating\n                        unstable distal radius fractures in the elderly","volume":"36","author":"Diaz-Garcia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944718770203","article-title":"Correlation between radiological parameters and functional\n                        outcomes in patients older than 60 years of age with distal radius\n                        fracture","volume":"14","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Monclus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and\n                        meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Intern Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001061","article-title":"Updated method guideline for systematic reviews in the cochrane\n                        back and neck group","volume":"40","author":"Furlan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193417690464","article-title":"Is a short arm cast appropriate for stable distal radius\n                        fractures in patients older than 55 years? A randomized prospective\n                        multicentre study","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1530-1","article-title":"Below-elbow or above-elbow cast for conservative treatment of\n                        extra-articular distal radius fractures with dorsal displacement: a\n                        prospective randomized trial","volume":"14","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252667","article-title":"No benefit for elbow blocking on conservative treatment of distal\n                        radius fractures: A 6-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Okamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496917731184","article-title":"Clinical outcome after plaster cast fixation for 10 days versus 1\n                        month in reduced distal radius fractures: a prospective randomized\n                        study","volume":"107","author":"Christersson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668155","article-title":"Non- or minimally displaced distal radial fractures in adult\n                        patients: three weeks versus five weeks of cast immobilization: a randomized\n                        controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Bentohami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60S","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447211044775","article-title":"Cast-OFF Trial: one versus 4 to 5 weeks of plaster cast\n                        immobilization for nonreduced distal radius fractures: a randomized clinical\n                        feasibility trial","volume":"17","author":"Boersma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/150032","article-title":"The functional and radiographic outcomes following distal radius\n                        fracture treatment in a cast for 4 and 6 weeks in the elderly: a randomized\n                        trial","volume":"31","author":"Olech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2012.02.007","article-title":"The evolution of distal radius fracture management: a historical\n                        treatise","volume":"28","author":"Diaz-Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00768","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment compared with volar locking plate fixation\n                        for dorsally displaced distal radial fractures in the elderly: a randomized\n                        controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Saving","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.01.016","article-title":"A comparison of immediate postreduction splinting constructs for\n                        controlling initial displacement of fractures of the distal radius: a\n                        prospective randomized study of long-arm versus short-arm\n                        splinting","volume":"31","author":"Bong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309499016684976","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499016684976","article-title":"The relationship between radiological alignment of united distal\n                        radius fractures and functional and patient-perceived outcomes in elderly\n                        patients","volume":"25","author":"Hohmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458511422701","article-title":"Assessing results after distal radius fracture treatment: a\n                        comparison of objective and subjective tools","volume":"2","author":"Kwok","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944715614855","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures for hand and wrist trauma: is\n                        there sufficient evidence of reliability, validity, and\n                        responsiveness?","volume":"11","author":"Dacombe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.54.2000462","article-title":"Are validated outcome measures used in distal radial fractures\n                        truly valid?","volume":"5","author":"Kleinlugtenbelt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B20","first-page":"9","article-title":"Comparison of short and long arm plaster casts for displaced\n                        fractures in the distal third of the forearm in children","volume":"88","author":"Webb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(89)90113-7","article-title":"Stability assessment of distal radius fractures","volume":"20","author":"Lafontaine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557030-00004","article-title":"Colles\u2019 fractures. Functional bracing in\n                        supination","volume":"57","author":"Sarmiento","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232153","article-title":"Two casting methods compared in patients with Colles\u2019\n                        fracture: a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Raittio","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"05","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1683433","article-title":"Duration of cast immobilization in distal radial fractures: a\n                        systematic review","volume":"08","author":"van Delft","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02494-y","article-title":"Cast immobilization duration for distal radius fractures, a\n                        systematic review","author":"de Bruijn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.12.021","article-title":"Below- or above-elbow immobilization in conservative treatment of\n                        distal radius fractures: a systematic review and\n                        meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Saka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2022.12.005","article-title":"Comparison of above elbow and below elbow immobilisation for\n                        conservative treatment of distal end radius fracture in adults: a systematic\n                        review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"26","author":"Raj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"}],"container-title":["The Ewha Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-emj.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.12771\/emj.2024.e51","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-emj.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.12771\/emj.2024.e51","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T02:09:02Z","timestamp":1741226942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-emj.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.12771\/emj.2024.e51"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12771\/emj.2024.e51"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12771\/emj.2024.e51","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-2591"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2234-2591"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e51"}}