{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T03:01:36Z","timestamp":1773716496831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Ewha Medical Journal, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-emj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ewha Med J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to pose significant public health\n                    challenges in Korea, with syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, Mycoplasma\n                        genitalium, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) being the most\n                    prevalent. This review provides an updated overview of the epidemiology,\n                    diagnosis, and treatment of these significant STIs in Korea, highlighting recent\n                    trends and concerns. Syphilis incidence rates have fluctuated due to changes in\n                    surveillance systems. Starting in 2024, syphilis will be reclassified as a\n                    nationally notifiable infectious disease (category 2). Gonorrhea remains a\n                    concern due to increasing antibiotic resistance, including the emergence of\n                    extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains,\n                    underscoring the need for vigilant antimicrobial stewardship. Chlamydia\n                    continues to be the most commonly reported STI, although its incidence has\n                    declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. M. genitalium has gained\n                    attention as a significant STI with rising antibiotic resistance issues,\n                    necessitating updated treatment guidelines and consideration of resistance\n                    testing. HSV-2 remains a common cause of genital herpes, with steady incidence\n                    rates reported. Updated diagnostic methods, including nucleic acid amplification\n                    tests, and revised treatment guidelines are presented to effectively address\n                    these infections. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other STIs within Korea\n                    remains unclear, necessitating further research. Changes in treatment\n                    guidelines, such as the recommendation of doxycycline as first-line therapy for\n                    chlamydia, reflect evolving evidence and resistance patterns. The importance of\n                    updated diagnostic tools, including resistance testing for M.\n                        genitalium, is emphasized to improve treatment outcomes. Continued\n                    efforts in education, prevention, and research are essential to manage and\n                    mitigate the impact of STIs on public health in Korea.\n            <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12771\/emj.2024.e52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T06:56:09Z","timestamp":1727679369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12771\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Update on sexually transmitted infections in Korea: a narrative\n                    review"],"prefix":"10.12771","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9987-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Jong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4998","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B1","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted infections national strategic plan for the United\n                        States: 2021\u20132025","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines,\n                        2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B3","volume-title":"Guidelines for the management of symptomatic sexually transmitted\n                        infections","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15577","article-title":"2018 European guideline on the organization of a consultation for\n                        sexually transmitted infections","volume":"33","author":"Gamoudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2023.02.009","article-title":"Update in epidemiology and management of Mycoplasma\n                            genitalium infections","volume":"37","author":"Wood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2021.0112","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV services in Korea: results\n                        from a cross-sectional online survey","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2023.0045","article-title":"Assessment of disease burden and immunization rates for\n                        vaccine-preventable diseases in people living with HIV: the Korea HIV\/AIDS\n                        cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Seong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2023.0056","article-title":"Possibility of decreasing incidence of human immunodeficiency\n                        virus infection in Korea","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2016.48.3.216","article-title":"Risk factors for urethral condyloma among heterosexual young male\n                        patients with condyloma acuminatum of penile skin","volume":"48","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1086\/429626","article-title":"History of syphilis","volume":"40","author":"Rothschild","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"47","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B11","first-page":"1620","article-title":"Introduction to the transition of mandatory surveillance system\n                        in the syphilis monitoring","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1901593","article-title":"The modern epidemic of syphilis","volume":"382","author":"Ghanem","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.23487","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections: a\n                        review","volume":"327","author":"Tuddenham","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13259","article-title":"Treatment of syphilis: a systematic review","volume":"312","author":"Clement","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0434","article-title":"The Jarisch\u2013Herxheimer reaction after antibiotic treatment\n                        of spirochetal infections: a review of recent cases and our understanding of\n                        pathogenesis","volume":"96","author":"Butler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2019.51.2.210","article-title":"History of syphilis and gonorrhea in Korea","volume":"51","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E627","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00171-3","article-title":"WHO global antimicrobial resistance surveillance for\n                            Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2017\u201318: a retrospective\n                        observational study","volume":"2","author":"Unemo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00675-y","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae\n                        infection in heterosexual men with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone,\n                        first report in Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Kueakulpattana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"24","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200455","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200455","article-title":"Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Neisseria\n                            gonorrhoeae causing possible gonorrhoea treatment failure with\n                        ceftriaxone plus azithromycin in Austria, April 2022","volume":"27","author":"Pleininger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurosurveill"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2024.0013","article-title":"Nationwide analysis of antimicrobial prescription in Korean\n                        hospitals between 2018 and 2021: the 2023 KONAS report","volume":"56","author":"Yun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31822e60a4","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria\n                            gonorrhoeae isolated from Korean patients from 2000 to\n                        2006","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv146","article-title":"Emergence of decreased susceptibility and resistance to\n                        extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae\n                        in Korea","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318206c288","article-title":"The incidence and correlates of symptomatic and asymptomatic\n                            Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria\n                            gonorrhoeae infections in selected populations in five\n                        countries","volume":"38","author":"Detels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2015.47.1.60","article-title":"Disseminated gonococcal infection presenting as bacteremia and\n                        liver abscesses in a healthy adult","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6912a5","article-title":"Notes from the field: ongoing cluster of highly related\n                        disseminated gonococcal infections: Southwest Michigan, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Nettleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"RR02","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of\n                           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treatment","volume":"61","author":"Stoner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"26","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1502599","article-title":"Azithromycin versus doxycycline for urogenital chlamydia\n                            trachomatis infection","volume":"373","author":"Geisler","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab153","article-title":"Doxycycline versus azithromycin for the treatment of rectal\n                        chlamydia in men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled\n                        trial","volume":"73","author":"Dombrowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2031631","article-title":"Azithromycin or doxycycline for asymptomatic rectal\n                            Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"384","author":"Lau","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2022.0030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance for Chlamydia\n                            trachomatis genital infection during pregnancy in\n                        Japan","volume":"54","author":"Suzuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"suppl_8","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S759","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ771","article-title":"Centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted\n                        diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"61","author":"Workowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B35","first-page":"20","article-title":"The prevalence of causative organisms of community-acquired\n                        urethritis in an age group at high risk for sexually transmitted infections\n                        in Korean soldiers","volume":"163","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Mil Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B36","first-page":"602","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma\n                            hominis infection in South Korea during\n                        2018-2020","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis356","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium,\n                        and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in men with\n                        nongonococcal urethritis: predictors and persistence after\n                        therapy","volume":"206","author":"Se\u00f1a","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419825948","article-title":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline\n                        for the management of infection with Mycoplasma genitalium\n                        (2018)","volume":"30","author":"Soni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"19","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1611877","article-title":"Genital herpes","volume":"375","author":"Gnann","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2.0241212065459e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-6-958","article-title":"Genital herpes simplex virus infections: clinical manifestations,\n                        course, and complications","volume":"98","author":"Corey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["The Ewha Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-emj.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.12771\/emj.2024.e52","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-emj.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.12771\/emj.2024.e52","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T02:09:03Z","timestamp":1741226943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/e-emj.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.12771\/emj.2024.e52"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12771\/emj.2024.e52"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12771\/emj.2024.e52","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e52"}}