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Applicable scenarios for P3M include store recommendations in shopping malls, product shelf recommendations in hypermarkets, and so on. A critical impediment in P3M is exposure bias: When the exposure likelihood of items to users is unevenly distributed, indiscriminately treating all unobserved interactions as negative feedback introduces bias to the learning of recommender systems. To address this issue, we propose a novel recommendation method, unbiased movement-aware pairwise ranking (UMPR), which integrates pedestrian movement modeling with unbiased pairwise learning to achieve effective and unbiased recommendations. Using real-world shopping mall data, we demonstrate that UMPR not only delivers more accurate recommendations compared to state-of-the-art methods but also brings added monetary value for mall owners and promotes humanistic fairness across store tenants. Overall, our study emphasizes the importance of mitigating exposure bias through pedestrian movement modeling, advancing the field of recommendations in physical spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2023.0100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T16:25:31Z","timestamp":1752510331000},"page":"479-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitigating Exposure Bias for Recommendations in Physical Spaces: An Unbiased Pairwise Ranking Approach Using Spatial Movement"],"prefix":"10.1287","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangning","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management and Engineering, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6735-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weikun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management and Engineering, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0343-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management and Engineering, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-0412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhepeng (Lionel)","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"109","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"Abbasi A","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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