{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T09:10:31Z","timestamp":1778231431858,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Firm disclosures are mostly unstructured and textual, imposing substantial processing costs on investors. We examine firms\u2019 incentives to enhance the accessibility of these disclosures by expending resources to make them easier for investors to process. We show that an equilibrium with a positive supply of accessibility can be difficult to sustain\u2014even though investors view accessibility as a favorable signal of firm productivity. We further explore how the supply of accessibility interacts with the quality of the numerical (easier-to-analyze) signals and textual (harder-to-analyze) disclosures. Our analysis generates predictions consistent with empirical evidence and offers a framework for evaluating policy initiatives and accounting standards aimed at improving accessibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2023.03748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T13:41:38Z","timestamp":1757511698000},"page":"4435-4449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Usefulness and Limited Supply of Disclosure Accessibility"],"prefix":"10.1287","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6567-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5046-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"109","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacceco.2023.101635"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-2171.12367"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1040.0351"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11142-010-9130-7"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-51102"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacceco.2010.10.003"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11142-017-9388-0"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-679X.12179"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11142-011-9142-y"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-679X.12130"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1913390"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497999"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1985.tb02364.x"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacceco.2022.101494"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4101(01)00024-6"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacceco.2016.08.001"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"Ernst and Young LLP (2014) Disclosure effectiveness: What companies can do now. 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