{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T22:22:14Z","timestamp":1768515734063,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is widespread concern about the lack of transparency regarding standard essential patents (SEPs). This paper examines the proposal to introduce essentiality checks, a certification scheme for declared SEPs. We develop a framework that allows us to evaluate how essentiality checks would impact licensing, litigation, and incentives to innovate. In our model, an upstream innovator invests in R&amp;D and privately learns about the likely essentiality of its patents for a standard. The innovator then licenses the patents to a downstream implementer who can contest the essentiality of the patents in court. We show that, although essentiality checks can reduce litigation, they also raise incentives for R&amp;D investment. Because the latter can be excessive if FRAND requirements are ineffective and spillovers are small, the overall welfare impact of essentiality checks is ambiguous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Funding: C. Wipusanawan gratefully acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) \u2013 project number 443732464.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2023.04292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T12:40:52Z","timestamp":1747140052000},"page":"10671-10691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Essentiality Checks for Standard Essential Patents"],"prefix":"10.1287","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6266-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Schuett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5636-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chayanin","family":"Wipusanawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFG Research Training Group \u201cDigital Platform Ecosystems\u201d and Chair of Internet and Telecommunications Business, University of Passau, 94032 Passau, Germany"}]}],"member":"109","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2354.00110"},{"issue":"7","key":"B2","first-page":"1769","volume":"92","author":"Allison JR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Texas Law Rev."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Aoki R, Arai Y (2018) Strategic declaration of standard essential patents. 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