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Second, the bicycle rebalancing problem designs vehicle routes to adjust bicycle quantities. The SLR literature includes several variants of these problems, but to our knowledge, very few exact approaches such as the one we propose can successfully handle real-life BSS, which comprise thousands of stations, tens of thousands of bicycles, and nearly 100,000 daily trips. We gather data from real-life BSSs from Boston, Chicago, Madrid, Mexico City, Montreal, New York, San Francisco, Toronto, and Washington, DC. From a managerial perspective, our numerical results provide the decision makers of BSSs with several insights related to bicycle and station usage throughout the network of stations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Funding: This work was supported by the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) under [Grant 2021-04037].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2024.1010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:20:23Z","timestamp":1768832423000},"page":"224-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Service Level Requirements for Real Life\u2013Sized Bicycle Sharing Systems"],"prefix":"10.1287","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6447-3986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Parada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Math\u00e9matiques et de G\u00e9nie Industriel, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec H3T 1J4, Canada; and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur les Reseaux d\u2019Entreprise, la Logistique et le Transport, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Op\u00e9rations et Syst\u00e8mes de D\u00e9cision, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec G1V 0A6, Canada; and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur les Reseaux d\u2019Entreprise, la Logistique et le Transport, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Gendreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Math\u00e9matiques et de G\u00e9nie Industriel, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec H3T 1J4, Canada; and Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur les Reseaux d\u2019Entreprise, la Logistique et le Transport, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"109","reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"BBC (2021) Why some bike shares work and others don\u2019t. 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