{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:34:38Z","timestamp":1786631678762,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3356,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the respiratory effects of short-term exposures to petroleum refinery emissions in young children. This study is an extension of an ecologic study that found an increased rate of hospitalizations for respiratory conditions among children living near petroleum refineries in Montreal (Canada).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a time-stratified case\u2013crossover design to assess the risk of asthma episodes in relation to short-term variations in sulfur dioxide levels among children 2\u20134 years of age living within 0.5\u20137.5 km of the refinery stacks. Health data used to measure asthma episodes included emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions from 1996 to 2004. We estimated daily levels of SO2 at the residence of children using a) two fixed-site SO2 monitors located near the refineries and b) the AERMOD (American Meteorological Society\/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model) atmospheric dispersion model. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios associated with an increase in the interquartile range of daily SO2 mean and peak exposures (31.2 ppb for AERMOD peaks). We adjusted for temperature, relative humidity, and regional\/urban background air pollutant levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risks of asthma ED visits and hospitalizations were more pronounced for same-day (lag 0) SO2 peak levels than for mean levels on the same day, or for other lags: the adjusted odds ratios estimated for same-day SO2 peak levels from AERMOD were 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00\u20131.22] and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10\u20131.82), over the interquartile range, for ED visits and hospital admissions, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term episodes of increased SO2 exposures from refinery stack emissions were associated with a higher number of asthma episodes in nearby children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,19]],"date-time":"2008-10-19T18:14:27Z","timestamp":1224440067000},"page":"653-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Risk of Asthmatic Episodes in Children Exposed to Sulfur Dioxide Stack Emissions from a Refinery Point Source in Montreal, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Audrey","family":"Smargiassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec, D\u00e9partement de sant\u00e9 environnementale et sant\u00e9 au travail, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada;"},{"name":"Centre de recherche L\u00e9a Roback, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Kosatsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de Sant\u00e9 Publique de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Plante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de Sant\u00e9 Publique de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public and Environmental Health Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Villeneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Goudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de Sant\u00e9 Publique de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026080504060737500_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg237","article-title":"Acute effect of sulphur dioxide from a power plant on pulmonary function of children, Thailand","volume":"32","author":"Aekplakorn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504060737500_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542133","article-title":"Health effects of outdoor air pollution","volume":"153","author":"American Thoracic Society Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504060737500_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390701598234","article-title":"Children\u2019s response to air pollutants","volume":"71","author":"Bateson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080504060737500_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.12.812","article-title":"Does living near a constellation of petrochemical, steel, and other industries impair health?","volume":"55","author":"Bhopal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080504060737500_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.4.214","article-title":"Exercise and outdoor ambient air pollution","volume":"35","author":"Carlisle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026080504060737500_micit6","unstructured":"Environment Canada\n          . 2008. 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