{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:34:38Z","timestamp":1786631678830,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3311,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously documented significant decreases in chlorpyrifos concentrations in maternal personal and indoor air samples among pregnant African-American and Dominican women from New York City after the 2000\u20132001 restrictions on its residential use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook a biomarker validation study within the same cohort to evaluate trends over time in multiple biomarkers of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects were enrolled between February 2001 and May 2004 (n = 102). We measured 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) in postpartum meconium (n = 83), repeat prenatal maternal spot urine samples (n = 253), and postnatal urine from the mothers (n = 73) and newborns (n = 59). We measured chlorpyrifos in postnatal maternal (n = 92) and umbilical cord (n = 65) blood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not detect TCPy in infant urine, but all other biomarkers showed a highly significant decrease in detection frequencies (\u03c72 = 7.8\u201334.0, p \u2264 0.005) and mean ranks (p \u2264 0.006, Kruskal\u2013Wallis) among subjects enrolled in 2003\u20132004 compared with those enrolled in 2001\u20132002. Chlorpyrifos in maternal personal and indoor air declined 2- to 3-fold over the same period (p &amp;lt; 0.05). In 2001\u20132002 samples, TCPy levels in repeat prenatal urine were positively correlated (r = 0.23\u20130.56), but within-subject variability exceeded between-subject variability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.43); indoor air levels explained 19% of the variance in prenatal urine TCPy (p = 0.001). Meconium TCPy concentrations were positively correlated with chlorpyrifos in maternal and cord blood (r = 0.25\u20130.33, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and with TCPy in maternal urine (r = 0.31, p &amp;lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest the biomarkers are reliable dosimeters to differentiate between groups with prenatal chlorpyrifos exposures varying by a factor of 2 or more and vividly illustrate the efficacy of residential restriction on chlorpyrifos to reduce the internal dose during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,4]],"date-time":"2008-12-04T15:58:39Z","timestamp":1228406319000},"page":"559-567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A Biomarker Validation Study of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure within an Inner-City Cohort during Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Whyatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Garfinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori A.","family":"Hoepner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan K.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andria","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diurka","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederica P.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Center for Children\u2019s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Camann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana B.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 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