{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:42:32Z","timestamp":1791247352038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3154,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term exposure to urban air pollution may accelerate atherogenesis, but mechanisms are still unclear. The induction of a low-grade systemic inflammatory state is a plausible mechanistic pathway. Objectives: We analyzed the association of residential long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and high traffic with systemic inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used baseline data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study of 4,814 participants that started in 2000. Fine PM [aerodynamic diameter \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5)] exposure based on a small-scale dispersion and chemistry transport model was assigned to each home address. We calculated distances between residences and major roads. Long-term exposure to air pollution (annual PM2.5 and distance to high traffic) and concentration of inflammatory markers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen] on the day of the baseline visit were analyzed with sex-stratified multiple linear regression, controlling for individual-level risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the adjusted analysis, a cross-sectional exposure difference of 3.91 \u03bcg\/m3 in PM2.5 (interdecile range) was associated with increases in hs-CRP of 23.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1 to 47.4%] and fibrinogen of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.3 to 7.7%) in men, whereas we found no association in women. Chronic traffic exposure was not associated with inflammatory markers. Short-term exposures to air pollutants and temperature did not influence the results markedly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study indicates that long-term residential exposure to high levels of PM2.5 is associated with systemic inflammatory markers in men. This might provide a link between air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,9]],"date-time":"2009-05-09T01:24:58Z","timestamp":1241832298000},"page":"1302-1308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":201,"title":["Chronic Residential Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Systemic Inflammatory Markers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Moebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Dragano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sociology, University of D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Stang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"M\u00f6hlenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Schmermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Memmesheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Br\u00f6cker-Preuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Erbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Heart Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081811134361000_micit1","article-title":"Messung sozio-demographischer Merkmale in der Epidemiologie","volume-title":"RKI-Schriften. 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