{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:42:50Z","timestamp":1787730170321,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3150,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing evidence suggests that high selenium levels are associated with diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the association of serum selenium concentrations with fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and diabetes in the most recently available representative sample of the U.S. population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a cross-sectional analysis of 917 adults \u2265 40 years of age who had a fasting morning blood sample in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003\u20132004. We evaluated the association of serum selenium, measured by inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry, and diabetes, defined as a self-report of current use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin or as fasting plasma glucose \u2265 126 mg\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean serum selenium was 137.1 \u03bcg\/L. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] for diabetes comparing the highest quartile of serum selenium (\u2265 147 \u03bcg\/L) with the lowest (&amp;lt; 124 \u03bcg\/L) was 7.64 (3.34\u201317.46). The corresponding average differences (95% CI) in fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were 9.5 mg\/dL (3.4\u201315.6 mg\/dL) and 0.30% (0.14\u20130.46%), respectively. In spline regression models, the prevalence of diabetes as well as glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels increased with increasing selenium concentrations up to 160 \u03bcg\/L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In U.S. adults, high serum selenium concentrations were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes and higher fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Given high selenium intake in the U.S. population, further research is needed to determine the role of excess selenium levels in the development or the progression of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,12]],"date-time":"2009-05-12T11:06:42Z","timestamp":1242126402000},"page":"1409-1413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Serum Selenium Concentrations and Diabetes in U.S. Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003\u20132004"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Laclaustra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Navas-Acien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research and"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Stranges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Ordovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer\u2013U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliseo","family":"Guallar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080523053571400_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1726","article-title":"Serum selenium and diabetes in U.S. adults","volume":"30","author":"Bleys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026080523053571400_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.74","article-title":"Serum selenium levels and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality among US 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