{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:35:59Z","timestamp":1786631759117,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3013,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent policies attempting to reduce adverse effects of methylmercury exposure from fish consumption in the United States have targeted reductions in anthropogenic emissions from U.S. sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the prospects for future North American and international emissions controls, we assessed the potential contributions of anthropogenic, historical, and natural mercury to exposure trajectories in the U.S. population over a 40-year time horizon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used models that simulate global atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem); the fate, transport, and bioaccumulation of mercury in four types of freshwater ecosystems; and mercury cycling among different ocean basins. We considered effects on mercury exposures in the U.S. population based on dietary survey information and consumption data from the sale of commercial market fish.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although North American emissions controls may reduce mercury exposure by up to 50% for certain highly exposed groups such as indigenous peoples in the Northeast, the potential effects of emissions controls on populations consuming marine fish from the commercial market are less certain because of limited measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite uncertainties in the exposure pathway, results indicate that a combination of North American and international emissions controls with adaptation strategies is necessary to manage methylmercury risks across various demographic groups in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]],"date-time":"2009-09-29T19:46:23Z","timestamp":1254253583000},"page":"137-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Sources of Mercury Exposure for U.S. Seafood Consumers: Implications for Policy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Noelle E.","family":"Selin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsie M.","family":"Sunderland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Knightes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026080504124963400_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2005.10464643","article-title":"Modeling mercury fluxes and concentrations in a Georgia watershed receiving atmospheric deposition load from direct and indirect sources","volume":"55","author":"Ambrose","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manage Assoc"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit2","volume-title":"Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator (BASS) User\u2019s Manual Version 2.2","author":"Barber","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-007-9338-8","article-title":"Calibration and evaluation of a mercury model for a western stream and constructed wetland","volume":"182","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Poll"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504124963400_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2003.12.001","article-title":"Mercury in canned tuna: white versus light and temporal variation","volume":"96","author":"Burger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080504124963400_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.10.084","article-title":"Regional precipitation mercury trends in the eastern USA, 1998\u20132005: declines in the Northeast and Midwest, no trend in the Southeast","volume":"42","author":"Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504124963400_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2004.07.006","article-title":"An intervention analysis for the reduction of exposure to methylmercury from the consumption of seafood by women of child-bearing age","volume":"40","author":"Carrington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharm"},{"issue":"33","key":"2026080504124963400_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900711106","article-title":"The influence of depth on mercury levels in pelagic fishes and their prey","volume":"106","author":"Choy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504124963400_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2003.11.007","article-title":"Modeling the atmospheric transport and deposition of mercury to the Great Lakes","volume":"95","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504124963400_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2009.54.3.0837","article-title":"The origin of methylmercury in open Mediterranean waters","volume":"54","author":"Cossa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit10","first-page":"532","article-title":"Watershed modeling extensions of the watershed characterization system","author":"Greenfield","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080504124963400_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2005.10.020","article-title":"Methylmercury cycling in sediments on the continental shelf of southern New England","volume":"70","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Act"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704186104","article-title":"Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition","volume":"104","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2009.04.004","article-title":"Biogeochemical controls over methylmercury production in the mid-Atlantic coastal region","volume":"114","author":"Hollweg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit14","article-title":"Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report","volume-title":"Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2007"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026080504124963400_micit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8367","DOI":"10.1021\/es801635m","article-title":"Methylated mercury species in marine waters of the Canadian high and sub Arctic","volume":"42","author":"Kirk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2007.07.002","article-title":"Development and test application of a screening-level mercury fate model and tool for evaluating wildlife exposure risk for surface waters with mercury- contaminated sediments (SERAFM)","volume":"23","author":"Knightes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Model Software"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080504124963400_micit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1897\/08-242R.1","article-title":"Application of ecosystem-scale fate and bioaccumulation models to predict fish mercury response times to changes in atmospheric deposition","volume":"28","author":"Knightes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504124963400_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2007.02.012","article-title":"Mercury speciation in surface and deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"107","author":"Kotnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080504124963400_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(01)00841-9","article-title":"A nonsteady-state compartmental model of global-scale mercury biogeochemistry with interhemispheric atmospheric gradients","volume":"66","author":"Lamborg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Act"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.01.009","article-title":"Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: model science evaluation","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6587","article-title":"Blood organic mercury and dietary mercury intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 and 2000","volume":"112","author":"Mahaffey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504124963400_micit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14A","DOI":"10.1021\/es053155l","article-title":"Monitoring the response to changing mercury deposition","volume":"39","author":"Mason","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/347457a0","article-title":"Alkylmercury species in the equatorial Pacific","volume":"347","author":"Mason","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026080504124963400_micit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(98)00006-1","article-title":"Mercury in the North Atlantic","volume":"61","author":"Mason","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080504124963400_micit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GB001440","article-title":"Role of the ocean in the global mercury cycle","volume":"16","author":"Mason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem Cycles"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(99)00010-7","article-title":"The distribution and speciation of mercury in the South and equatorial Atlantic","volume":"46","author":"Mason","year":"1999","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res II"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504124963400_micit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[3:MEAHEI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans: a worldwide concern","volume":"36","author":"Mergler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080504124963400_micit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1080\/10807030490887258","article-title":"Overview of fish consumption rates in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Moya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504124963400_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[33:ROMF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Recovery of mercury-contaminated fisheries","volume":"36","author":"Munthe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit30","volume-title":"Mercury Deposition Network (MDN): A NADP Network","author":"National Atmospheric Deposition Program","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit31","volume-title":"Fisheries of the United States 2006","author":"National Marine Fisheries Service","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit32","volume-title":"Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making","author":"National Research Council","year":"2007"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026080504124963400_micit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.03.041","article-title":"Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000","volume":"40","author":"Pacyna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080504124963400_micit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-3780(98)00011-9","article-title":"Rethinking the role of adaptation in climate policy","volume":"8","author":"Pielke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Global Environ Chang"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080504124963400_micit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.11.020","article-title":"Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models III: boundary and initial conditions, model grid resolution, and Hg (II) reduction mechanism","volume":"42","author":"Pongprueksa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit36","volume-title":"Economic Valuation of Human Health Benefits of Controlling Mercury Emissions from U.S. Coal-Fired Power Plants","author":"Rice","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080504124963400_micit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1021\/es034109t","article-title":"Global source attribution for mercury deposition in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Seigneur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026080504124963400_micit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.02.069","article-title":"Seasonal and spatial patterns of mercury wet deposition in the United States: constraints on the contribution from North American anthropogenic sources","volume":"42","author":"Selin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D02308","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007450","article-title":"Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury: global constraints from observations","volume":"112","author":"Selin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Atmos"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit40","first-page":"GB2011","article-title":"Global 3-D land-ocean-atmosphere model for mercury: present-day versus preindustrial cycles and anthropogenic enrichment factors for deposition","volume":"22","author":"Selin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem Cycles"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504124963400_micit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9388.2006.00529.x","article-title":"Global politics of mercury pollution: the need for multi-scale governance","volume":"15","author":"Selin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Eur Commun Int Environ Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504124963400_micit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890109604048","article-title":"Mercury and methylmercury exposure in the New Jersey pregnant population","volume":"56","author":"Stern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1021\/es802474j","article-title":"Projection of global mercury emissions in 2050","volume":"43","author":"Streets","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9377","article-title":"Mercury exposure from domestic and imported estuarine and marine fish in the U.S. seafood market","volume":"115","author":"Sunderland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.01.021","article-title":"Reconciling models and measurements to assess trends in atmospheric mercury deposition","volume":"156","author":"Sunderland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"GB2010","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GB003425","article-title":"Mercury sources, distribution and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: insights from data and models","volume":"23","author":"Sunderland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem Cycles"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"GB4022","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GB002876","article-title":"Human impacts on open ocean mercury concentrations","volume":"21","author":"Sunderland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem Cycles"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504124963400_micit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[45:SCOMUA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Socioeconomic consequences of mercury use and pollution","volume":"36","author":"Swain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7743","article-title":"Public health and economic consequences of methyl mercury toxicity to the developing brain","volume":"113","author":"Trasande","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504124963400_micit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20268","article-title":"Mental retardation and prenatal methylmercury toxicity","volume":"49","author":"Trasande","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit51","volume-title":"What You Need to Know about Mercury in Fish and Shellfish: 2004 EPA and FDA Advice for: Women Who Might Become Pregnant, Women Who Are Pregnant, Nursing Mothers, Young Children","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. EPA","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit52","volume-title":"Mercury Study Report to Congress Volume III: Fate and Transport of Mercury in the Environment","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit53","volume-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook Volume II","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit54","volume-title":"Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Final Clean Air Mercury Rule","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026080504124963400_micit55","unstructured":"U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)\n          . 2009. Exposure Assessment ModelsAvailable: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ceampubl\/products.html[accessed 1 December 2009]."}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/118\/1\/137\/66399747\/ehp.0900811.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/118\/1\/137\/66399747\/ehp.0900811.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:47:20Z","timestamp":1786628840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/ehp.0900811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.0900811","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]]}}}