{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:57:48Z","timestamp":1789995468271,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2934,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on gestation day 15 decreased epididymal sperm count in adult rats and thus was used to establish a tolerable daily intake for TCDD. However, several laboratories have been unable to replicate these findings. Moreover, conflicting reports of TCDD effects on daily sperm production suggest that spermatogenesis may not be as sensitive to the adverse effects of TCDD as previously thought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a PubMed search using relevant search terms linking dioxin exposure with adverse effects on reproduction and spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Developmental exposure to TCDD is consistently linked with decreased cauda epididymal sperm counts in animal studies, although at higher dose levels than those used in some earlier studies. However, the evidence linking in utero TCDD exposure and spermatogenesis is not convincing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animal studies provide clear evidence of an adverse effect of in utero TCDD exposure on epididymal sperm count but do not support the conclusion that spermatogenesis is adversely affected. The mechanisms underlying decreased epididymal sperm count are unknown; however, we postulate that epididymal function is the key target for the adverse effects of TCDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,17]],"date-time":"2009-12-17T17:14:45Z","timestamp":1261070085000},"page":"458-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Dioxin-Induced Changes in Epididymal Sperm Count and Spermatogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Warren G.","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Maharaj-Brice\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Cyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Comparison of the duration of spermatogenesis between male rodents and humans","volume":"352","author":"Adler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00178-3","article-title":"Sources of dioxins in the United Kingdom: the steel industry and other sources","volume":"46","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm272","article-title":"In utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure: effects on fetal and adult cardiac gene expression and adult cardiac and renal morphology","volume":"101","author":"Aragon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05884","article-title":"Evidence that androgens and oestrogens, as well as follicle-stimulating hormone, can alter Sertoli cell number in the neonatal rat","volume":"184","author":"Atanassova","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502023320501","article-title":"Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years","volume":"332","author":"Auger","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi236","article-title":"Issues in risk assessment for developmental effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds","volume":"87","author":"Aylward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06444.x","article-title":"Health status and plasma dioxin levels in chloracne cases 20 years after the Seveso, Italy accident","volume":"152","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.01.055","article-title":"Handling of dioxin measurement data in the presence of non-detectable values: overview of available methods and their application in the Seveso chloracne study","volume":"60","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit9","first-page":"397","article-title":"Pathogenesis of male reproductive tract lesions from gestation through adulthood following in utero exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate","volume":"31","author":"Barlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2026080504071424400_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm140","article-title":"Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat. 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