{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:25:56Z","timestamp":1789655156847,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2600,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that exposure to road traffic is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to identify specific traffic-related air pollutants that are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality to support evidence-based environmental policy making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population-based cohort study included a 5-year exposure period and a 4-year follow-up period. All residents 45\u201385 years of age who resided in Metropolitan Vancouver during the exposure period and without known CHD at baseline were included in this study (n = 452,735). Individual exposures to traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles [aerodynamic diameter \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide were estimated at residences of the subjects using land-use regression models and integrating changes in residences during the exposure period. CHD hospitalizations and deaths during the follow-up period were identified from provincial hospitalization and death registration records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An interquartile range elevation in the average concentration of black carbon (0.94 \u00d7 10\u22125\/m filter absorbance, equivalent to approximately 0.8 \u03bcg\/m3 elemental carbon) was associated with a 3% increase in CHD hospitalization (95% confidence interval, 1\u20135%) and a 6% increase in CHD mortality (3\u20139%) after adjusting for age, sex, preexisting comorbidity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and copollutants (PM2.5 and NO2). There were clear linear exposure\u2013response relationships between black carbon and coronary events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term exposure to traffic-related fine particulate air pollution, indicated by black carbon, may partly explain the observed associations between exposure to road traffic and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,16]],"date-time":"2010-11-16T12:24:52Z","timestamp":1289910292000},"page":"501-507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Hospitalization and Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Wen Qi","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Koehoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Health"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh W.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Health"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Tamburic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, 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