{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:15:56Z","timestamp":1790712956557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2520,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Deficits in cognitive function have been demonstrated among workers chronically exposed to solvents, but the neural basis for these deficits has not been shown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare pathophysiological changes in brain function between solvent-exposed and control workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Painters, drywall tapers, and carpenters were recruited from the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades, District Council 9 in New York City and District Council 21 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and from the Carpenters Union in New Jersey. Twenty-seven solvent-exposed and 27 control subjects of similar age, education, and occupational status completed the N-Back working memory test during fMRI. After controlling for confounders (age; lifetime marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol use; blood lead; symptoms of depression; verbal intelligence), voxelwise group analysis and regional activation levels were compared and then correlated with an index of lifetime solvent exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Solvent-exposed workers\u2019 performance on the N-Back was significantly worse than that of controls. Activation of the anterior cingulate, prefrontal, and parietal cortices\u2014areas serving working memory function and attention\u2014was also significantly lower for solvent-exposed workers relative to controls. After controlling for confounders, we observed a negative correlation between lifetime solvent exposure and activation in these same regions among the solvent-exposed workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: This study is one of the few to document neural structures affected by exposure to solvents. Our findings provide a biological mechanism for the neurobehavioral deficits in working memory and attention that have previously been reported by other groups studying the effects of chronic exposure to solvents. These imaging markers, which are consistent with the neurobehavioral measures in our subject population, are consistent with altered brain pathology caused by prolonged exposure to solvent mixtures during construction work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]],"date-time":"2011-02-04T15:18:22Z","timestamp":1296832702000},"page":"908-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Occupational Solvent Exposure and Brain Function: An fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Cheuk Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, and"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily L.","family":"Eaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimalya","family":"Ganeshalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Weisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, and"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080314045233300_micit1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry\n          . 2001. 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