{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:38:35Z","timestamp":1786631915309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2506,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New approaches to link health surveillance data with environmental and population exposure information are needed to examine the health benefits of risk management decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the feasibility of conducting a local assessment of the public health impacts of cumulative air pollution reduction activities from federal, state, local, and voluntary actions in the City of New Haven, Connecticut (USA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a hybrid modeling approach that combines regional and local-scale air quality data, we estimated ambient concentrations for multiple air pollutants [e.g., PM2.5 (particulate matter \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm in aerodynamic diameter), NOx (nitrogen oxides)] for baseline year 2001 and projected emissions for 2010, 2020, and 2030. We assessed the feasibility of detecting health improvements in relation to reductions in air pollution for 26 different pollutant\u2013health outcome linkages using both sample size and exploratory epidemiological simulations to further inform decision-making needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Model projections suggested decreases (~ 10\u201360%) in pollutant concentrations, mainly attributable to decreases in pollutants from local sources between 2001 and 2010. Models indicated considerable spatial variability in the concentrations of most pollutants. Sample size analyses supported the feasibility of identifying linkages between reductions in NOx and improvements in all-cause mortality, prevalence of asthma in children and adults, and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial reductions in air pollution (e.g., ~ 60% for NOx) are needed to detect health impacts of environmental actions using traditional epidemiological study designs in small communities like New Haven. In contrast, exploratory epidemiological simulations suggest that it may be possible to demonstrate the health impacts of PM reductions by predicting intraurban pollution gradients within New Haven using coupled models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]],"date-time":"2011-02-18T12:36:04Z","timestamp":1298032564000},"page":"487-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Feasibility of Assessing Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution Reduction Programs on a Local Scale: New Haven Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Danelle T.","family":"Lobdell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Isakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawad S.","family":"Touma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Smuts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hal\u00fbk","family":"\u00d6zkaynak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(13\u201314)","key":"2026080608053919700_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390590936157","article-title":"Measuring progress in the management of ambient air quality: the case for population health","volume":"68","author":"Burnett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2026080608053919700_micit2","volume-title":"Hospitalizations Statistics, New Haven County","author":"CDPH","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026080608053919700_micit3","volume-title":"Hospitalizations Statistics, New Haven County","author":"CDPH","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026080608053919700_micit4","volume-title":"Hospitalizations Statistics, New Haven County","author":"CDPH","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026080608053919700_micit5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics\n          . 2009. 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