{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:03:40Z","timestamp":1791342220230,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2569,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent time-series studies have indicated that both cardiovascular disease (CVD)mortality and hospitalizations are associated with particulate matter (PM). However, seasonal patterns of PM associations with these outcomes are not consistent, and PM components responsible for these associations have not been determined. We investigated this issue in New York City (NYC), where PM originates from regional and local combustion sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we examined the role of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5) and its key chemical components on both CVD hospitalizations and on mortality in NYC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed daily deaths and emergency hospitalizations for CVDs among persons \u2265 40 years of age for associations with PM2.5, its chemical components, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide for the years 2000\u20132006 using a Poisson time-series model adjusting for temporal and seasonal trends, temperature effects, and day of the week. We estimated excess risks per interquartile-range increases at lags 0 through 3 days for warm (April through September) and cold (October through March) seasons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CVD mortality series exhibit strong seasonal trends, whereas the CVD hospitalization series show a strong day-of-week pattern. These outcome series were not correlated with each other but were individually associated with a number of PM2.5 chemical components from regional and local sources, each with different seasonal patterns and lags. Coal-combustion\u2013related components (e.g., selenium) were associated with CVD mortality in summer and CVD hospitalizations in winter, whereas elemental carbon and NO2 showed associations with these outcomes in both seasons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Local combustion sources, including traffic and residual oil burning, may play a year-round role in the associations between air pollution and CVD outcomes, but transported aerosols may explain the seasonal variation in associations shown by PM2.5 mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,17]],"date-time":"2010-12-17T15:05:04Z","timestamp":1292598304000},"page":"467-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["Fine Particulate Matter Constituents Associated with Cardiovascular Hospitalizations and Mortality in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Mathes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zev","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZevRoss Spatial Analysis, Ithaca, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"N\u00e1das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Thurston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Matte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter College, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(12)","key":"2026080608012815200_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200808-1240OC","article-title":"Hospital admissions and chemical composition of fine particle air pollution","volume":"179","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"2026080608012815200_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn252","article-title":"Seasonal and regional short-term effects of fine particles on hospital admissions in 202 U.S. counties, 1999\u20132005","volume":"168","author":"Bell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"(21)","key":"2026080608012815200_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"2026080608012815200_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.1.80","article-title":"Temperature and mortality in 11 cities of the eastern United States","volume":"155","author":"Curriero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"2026080608012815200_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases","volume":"295","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080608012815200_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10737","article-title":"Does the effect of PM10 on mortality depend on PM nickel and vanadium content? 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