{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:38:56Z","timestamp":1792895936426,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2570,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about environmental causes and contributing factors for autism. Basic science and epidemiologic research suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in disease development. Traffic-related air pollution, a common exposure with established effects on these pathways, contains substances found to have adverse prenatal effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the association between autism and proximity of residence to freeways and major roadways during pregnancy and near the time of delivery, as a surrogate for air pollution exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from 304 autism cases and 259 typically developing controls enrolled in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) study. The mother\u2019s address recorded on the birth certificate and trimester-specific addresses derived from a residential history obtained by questionnaire were geocoded, and measures of distance to freeways and major roads were calculated using ArcGIS software. Logistic regression models compared residential proximity to freeways and major roads for autism cases and typically developing controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and maternal smoking, maternal residence at the time of delivery was more likely be near a freeway (\u2264 309 m) for cases than for controls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04\u20133.45]. Autism was also associated with residential proximity to a freeway during the third trimester (OR = 2.22; CI, 1.16\u20134.42). After adjustment for socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics, these associations were unchanged. Living near other major roads at birth was not associated with autism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Living near a freeway was associated with autism. Examination of associations with measured air pollutants is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]],"date-time":"2010-12-15T23:45:01Z","timestamp":1292456701000},"page":"873-877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":293,"title":["Residential Proximity to Freeways and Autism in the CHARGE Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Heather E.","family":"Volk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irva","family":"Hertz-Picciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lora","family":"Delwiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Lurmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sonoma Technology Inc., Petaluma, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026080314024191300_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2346","article-title":"Advances in autism genetics: on the 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