{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:39:15Z","timestamp":1786631955170,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2479,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: No studies have examined the association between cumulative low-level lead exposure and the prospective development of electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, which may mediate the association between lead and several cardiovascular end points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: We prospectively examined the association between lead exposure and the development of electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We assessed blood lead, bone lead\u2014a biomarker of cumulative lead exposure\u2014measured with K-shell X-ray fluorescence, and electrocardiographic end points among 600 men in the Normative Aging Study who were free of electrocardiographic abnormalities at the time of the baseline ECG. Of these men, we had follow-up data from a second electrocardiogram for 496 men 8.1 (SD = 3.1) years later, on average. We used repeated measures linear regression to analyze change in electrocardiographic conduction timing and logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing specific conduction disturbances and adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Mean (\u00b1 SD) blood (5.8 \u00b1 3.6), patella bone (30.3 \u00b1 17.7), and tibia bone (21.6 \u00b1 12.0) lead concentrations were similar to those found in samples from the general U.S. population and much lower than those reported in occupationally exposed groups. Compared with those in the lowest tertile of tibia lead, those in the highest had a 7.94-ms (95% CI, 1.42\u201314.45) increase in heart rate\u2013corrected QT (QTc) interval and a 5.94-ms increase in heart rate\u2013corrected QRS (95% CI, 1.66\u201310.22) duration &amp;gt; 8 years. Those in the highest tertile of tibia lead also had increased odds of QT prolongation (QTc \u2265 440 msec; OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.22\u20135.25) and JT prolongation (heart rate\u2013corrected JT &amp;gt; 360 msec; OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 0.93\u20136.91). Results were weaker for patella lead. No associations were identified with blood lead.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: This study suggests that low-level cumulative exposure to lead is associated with worse future cardiac conductivity in the ventricular myocardium, as reflected in QT interval characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T13:58:42Z","timestamp":1300370322000},"page":"940-944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Prospective Cohort Study of Lead Exposure and Electrocardiographic Conduction Disturbances in the Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Ki-Do","family":"Eum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda H.","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantel S.","family":"Vokonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sparrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc G.","family":"Weisskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"2026080314042831600_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90564-2","article-title":"Correction of the QT interval for heart rate: review of different formulas and the use of Bazett\u2019s formula in myocardial infarction.","volume":"109","author":"Ahnve","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026080314042831600_micit2","unstructured":"Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics\n          . 2010. 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