{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:03:33Z","timestamp":1791291813602,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3734,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are few studies on associations between children\u2019s respiratory heath and air pollution in schools in China. The industrial development and increased traffic may affect the indoor exposure to air pollutants in school environment. Moreover, there is a need to study respiratory effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and emissions from new building materials in homes in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied the associations between pupils\u2019 asthmatic symptoms and indoor and outdoor air pollution in schools, as well as selected home exposures, in a coal-burning city in north China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A questionnaire survey was administered to pupils (11\u201315 years of age) in 10 schools in urban Taiyuan, collecting data on respiratory health and selected home environmental factors. Indoor and outdoor school air pollutants and climate factors were measured in winter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,993 pupils (90.2%) participated; 1.8% had cumulative asthma, 8.4% wheezing, 29.8% had daytime attacks of breathlessness. The indoor average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde by class were 264.8, 39.4, 10.1, and 2.3 \u03bcg\/m3, respectively. Outdoor levels were two to three times higher. Controlling for possible confounders, either wheeze or daytime or nocturnal attacks of breathlessness were positively associated with SO2, NO2, or formaldehyde. In addition, ETS and new furniture at home were risk factors for wheeze, daytime breathlessness, and respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Indoor chemical air pollutants of mainly outdoor origin could be risk factors for pupils\u2019 respiratory symptoms at school, and home exposure to ETS and chemical emissions from new furniture could affect pupils\u2019 respiratory health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,8]],"date-time":"2007-10-08T12:43:57Z","timestamp":1191847437000},"page":"90-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Asthmatic Symptoms among Pupils in Relation to Winter Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution in Schools in Taiyuan, China"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Zhuohui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuanhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ferm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High School Student Health Care, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Norb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026080312085208000_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483","article-title":"International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods","volume":"8","author":"Asher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9537","key":"2026080312085208000_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2026080312085208000_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.03.008","article-title":"Exposure-response functions for health effects of ambient air pollution applicable for China\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"329","author":"Aunan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080312085208000_micit4","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge","volume":"78","author":"Bruce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"2026080312085208000_micit5","first-page":"48","article-title":"Investigation of formaldehyde concentration in indoor air and furnishings [in Chinese]","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Health Toxicol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2026080312085208000_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.02.005","article-title":"Exposures and health outcomes from outdoor air pollutants in China","volume":"198","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080312085208000_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.2.348","article-title":"Chang-Ning epidemiological study of children\u2019s health. 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