{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:12:51Z","timestamp":1790921571370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3606,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to toxic methylmercury (MeHg) through fish consumption is a large problem worldwide, and it has led to governmental recommendations of reduced fish consumption and blacklisting of mercury-contaminated fish. The elimination kinetics of MeHg varies greatly among individuals. Knowledge about the reasons for such variation is of importance for improving the risk assessment for MeHg. One possible explanation is hereditary differences in MeHg metabolism. MeHg is eliminated from the body as a glutathione (GSH) conjugate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted this study to assess the influence of polymorphisms in GSH-synthesizing [glutamyl-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM-588) and glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC-129)] or GSH-conjugating [glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1\u2013105 and GSTP1\u2013114)] genes on MeHg retention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on information obtained from questionnaires, 292 subjects from northern Sweden had a high consumption of fish (lean\/fat fish two to three times per week or more). We measured total Hg in erythrocytes (Ery-Hg) and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma (P-PUFA; an exposure marker for fish intake).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GSTP1 genotype modified Ery-Hg; effects were seen for GSTP1\u2013105 and \u2212114 separately, and combining them resulted in stronger effects. We found evidence of effect modification: individuals with zero or one variant allele demonstrated a steeper regression slope for Ery-Hg (p = 0.038) compared with individuals with two or more variant alleles. The GCLM-588 genotype also influenced Ery-Hg (p = 0.035): Individuals with the GCLM-588 TT genotype demonstrated the highest Ery-Hg, but we saw no evidence of effect modification with increasing P-PUFA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest a role of GSH-related polymorphisms in MeHg metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]],"date-time":"2008-02-13T13:45:14Z","timestamp":1202910314000},"page":"734-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Genetic Variation in Glutathione-Related Genes and Body Burden of Methylmercury"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Karin Schl\u00e4wicke","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Str\u00f6mberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lundh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingegerd","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Vessby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Hallmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"Skerfving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Broberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10004","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.15.10004","article-title":"Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of full-length cDNAs of three human glutathione S-transferase pi gene variants: evidence for differential catalytic activity of the encoded proteins","volume":"272","author":"Ali-Osman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1974.10666505","article-title":"Variation of biological half-life of methylmercury in man","volume":"28","author":"Al-Shahristani","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(85)90165-4","article-title":"Biliary secretion of glutathione and of glutathione-metal complexes","volume":"5","author":"Ballatori","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1039\/AN9952001205","article-title":"Automated determination of inorganic mercury in blood after sulfuric acid treatment using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry and an inductively heated gold trap","volume":"120","author":"Bergdahl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-4-20","article-title":"Inter-individual variations of human mercury exposure biomarkers: a cross-sectional assessment","volume":"4","author":"Berglund","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0680581","article-title":"Platelet fatty acid composition in relation to fatty acid composition in plasma and to serum lipoprotein lipids in healthy subjects with special reference to the linoleic acid pathway","volume":"68","author":"Boberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2026081810404546700_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s111","article-title":"The three modern faces of mercury","volume":"110","author":"Clarkson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890409603438","article-title":"Polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes affect methylmercury retention","volume":"59","author":"Custodio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3200\/AEOH.60.1.17-23","article-title":"Genetic influences on the retention of inorganic mercury","volume":"60","author":"Custodio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36946-6","article-title":"Transport of the glutathione-methylmercury complex across liver canalicular membranes on reduced glutathione carriers","volume":"269","author":"Dutczak","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001415","article-title":"Markers of high fish intake are associated with decreased risk of a first myocardial infarction","volume":"86","author":"Hallgren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/14034950310001432","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort\u2014evaluation of risk factors and their interactions","volume":"61","author":"Hallmans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health Suppl"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000028396","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and their biological consequences","volume":"61","author":"Hayes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6167","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphism and blood lead concentration in children","volume":"111","author":"Haynes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit15","article-title":"Methylmercury. Environmental Health Criteria 101","author":"International Programme on Chemical Safety","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001315","article-title":"Validation and calibration of food-frequency questionnaire measurements in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort","volume":"5","author":"Johansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-007-0171-6","article-title":"Levels of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylicacid (TTCA) and evidence of effect modification of polymorphisms of glutathione-related genes in vulcanization workers in the southern Sweden rubber industries","volume":"80","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.1.1","article-title":"Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype and lead toxicity: a HuGE review","volume":"154","author":"Kelada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02866-8","article-title":"Association of polymorphism in glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene with coronary vasomotor dysfunction and myocardial infarction","volume":"41","author":"Koide","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7780","article-title":"Developmentally restricted genetic determinants of human arsenic metabolism: association between urinary methylated arsenic and CYT19 polymorphisms in children","volume":"113","author":"Meza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000019739.66514.1E","article-title":"Polymorphism in the 5\u2019-flanking region of human glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene is associated with myocardial infarction","volume":"105","author":"Nakamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit22","volume-title":"Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury","author":"National Research Council","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit23","volume-title":"Use of Amalgam in Public Health Dentistry [in Swedish]. Dnr 53-9407-2002","author":"National Swedish Board of Social Welfare","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit24","unstructured":"NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)\n          . 2006a. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database. Available: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/SNPaccessed 24 October 2007."},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit25","unstructured":"NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)\n          . 2006b. Unigene Database. Available: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?db=unigeneaccessed 24 October 2007."},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345980770041501","article-title":"Mercury in biological fluids after amalgam removal","volume":"77","author":"Sandborgh-Englund","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9734","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms influencing arsenic metabolism\u2014evidence from Argentina","volume":"115","author":"Schl\u00e4wicke Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9448","article-title":"Lead and \u03b4-aminolevulinic acid dehy-dratase polymorphism: where does it lead? A meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Scinicariello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit29","first-page":"231","article-title":"The glutathione S-transferases: influence of polymorphism on cancer susceptibility","volume":"148","author":"Strange","year":"1999","journal-title":"IARC Sci Publ"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/000163500429271","article-title":"Swedish dentists\u2019 decisions on preparation techniques and restorative materials","volume":"58","author":"Sundberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.3.433","article-title":"Differences in the catalytic efficiencies of allelic variants of glutathione transferase P1-1 towards carcinogenic diol epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"19","author":"Sundberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit32","first-page":"132","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of serum phosphatidylcholine in healthy subjects consuming varying amounts of fish","volume":"47","author":"Svensson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1086\/507566","article-title":"Schizophrenia and oxidative stress: glutamate cysteine ligase modifier as a susceptibility gene","volume":"79","author":"Tosic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760600953859","article-title":"Clinical oxidation parameters of aging","volume":"40","author":"Voss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh075","article-title":"Assessing the probability that a positive report is false: an approach for molecular epidemiology studies","volume":"96","author":"Wacholder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit36","volume-title":"Condition in Mouth and Jaws among Adults in V\u00e4sterbotten County in Sweden 2002 [in Swedish]","author":"W\u00e4nnman","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.08.013","article-title":"Time trends in burdens of cadmium, lead, and mercury in the population of northern Sweden","volume":"10","author":"Wennberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026081810404546700_micit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.00893.x","article-title":"Naturally-occurring human glutathione S-transferase GSTP1-1 isoforms with isoleucine and valine in position 105 differ in enzymatic properties","volume":"244","author":"Zimniak","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/116\/6\/734\/66371159\/ehp.10804.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/116\/6\/734\/66371159\/ehp.10804.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:01:36Z","timestamp":1787068896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article\/116\/6\/734\/5241061\/Genetic-Variation-in-Glutathione-Related-Genes-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.10804","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]]}}}