{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:43:48Z","timestamp":1791395028148,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3641,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although patients with heart failure (HF) have been identified as particularly susceptible to the acute effects of air pollution, the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on patients with this increasingly prevalent disease are largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to examine the mortality risk associated with residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution among HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,389 patients hospitalized with acute HF in greater Worcester, Massachusetts, during 2000 were followed for survival through December 2005. We used daily traffic within 100 and 300 m of residence as well as the distance from residence to major roadways and to bus routes as proxies for residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution. We assessed mortality risks for each exposure variable using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After the 5-year follow-up, only 334 (24%) subjects were still alive. An interquartile range increase in daily traffic within 100 m of home was associated with a mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05\u20131.25], whereas for traffic within 300 m this association was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.01\u20131.19). The mortality risk decreased with increasing distance to bus routes (HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81\u20130.96) and was larger for those living within 100 m of a major roadway or 50 m of a bus route (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.13\u20131.49). Adjustment for area-based income and educational level slightly attenuated these associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases the mortality risk after hospitalization with acute HF. Reducing exposure to traffic-related emissions may improve the long-term prognosis of HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]],"date-time":"2008-01-10T15:02:21Z","timestamp":1199977341000},"page":"481-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Residential Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Survival after Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Medina-Ram\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Melly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray A.","family":"Mittleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 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