{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:46:24Z","timestamp":1786632384783,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2270,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Community exposure to asbestos from contaminated vermiculite ore from Libby, Montana, occurred in many processing sites in the United States, including a densely populated urban residential neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: We examined exposed community residents who never worked at the plant or never lived with a plant worker for radiographic evidence of lung changes consistent with asbestos exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We obtained posteroanterior chest radiographs to identify the prevalence of pleural abnormalities consistent with pneumoconiosis, as determined by consensus of two National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health\u2013certified B-reader radiologists. We estimated cumulative asbestos exposure (fibers per cubic centimeters \u00d7 months) with air dispersion model data and activity-based modeled exposure estimates for vermiculite processing waste contact. We modeled associations between pleural abnormalities and asbestos exposure using multiple logistic regression to adjust for year of birth, sex, and potential occupational asbestos exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Radiographs were obtained for 461 participants. The prevalence of pleural abnormalities by B-reader consensus was 10.8%. A history of direct contact with the waste and ever playing in the waste piles was associated with pleural abnormalities {odds ratio [OR] 2.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 6.10] and 2.17 (95% CI: 0.99, 4.78), respectively, when adjusted for background exposure}. The regression coefficients for log-transformed measures (fibers per cubic centimeters \u00d7 months) of background exposure and activity-based exposure were 0.322 (95% CI: 0.078, 0.567) and 0.063 (95% CI: \u20130.013, 0.139), respectively, when adjusted for each other, and 0.283 (95% CI: 0.104, 0.463) for cumulative exposure from all sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that community exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite originating from Libby, Montana, is associated with measurable effects based on radiographic evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T09:58:31Z","timestamp":1318413511000},"page":"44-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Radiographic Evidence of Nonoccupational Asbestos Exposure from Processing Libby Vermiculite in Minneapolis, Minnesota"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine K.","family":"Raleigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Mandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Adgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurumurthy","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita B.","family":"Messing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tannie","family":"Eshenaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2011.8","article-title":"Modeling community asbestos exposure near a vermiculate processing facility: impact of human activities on cumulative exposure.","volume":"21","author":"Adgate","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080610063750400_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700110104","article-title":"The morbidity and mortality of vermiculite miners and millers exposed to tremolite-actinolite: Part III. Radiographic findings.","volume":"11","author":"Amandus","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080610063750400_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700110103","article-title":"The morbidity and mortality of vermiculite miners and millers exposed to tremolite-actinolite: Part II. Mortality.","volume":"11","author":"Amandus","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080610063750400_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/19338240903390321","article-title":"Environmental asbestos-related pleural plaque in southeast of Turkey.","volume":"65","author":"Ates","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occ Health"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit5","article-title":"Toxicological Profile of Asbestos","author":"ATSDR","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit6","article-title":"Summary Report: Exposure to Asbestos-Containing Vermiculite from Libby, Montana, at 28 Processing Sites in the United States","author":"ATSDR","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10195","article-title":"Cancer mortality and incidence of mesothelioma in a cohort of wives of asbestos workers in Casale Monferrato, Italy.","volume":"115","author":"Ferrante","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit8","author":"Gordon G","year":"2000"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080610063750400_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370801983240","article-title":"Select mortality and cancer incidence among residents in various U.S. communities that received asbestos-contaminated vermiculite ore from Libby, Montana.","volume":"20","author":"Horton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080610063750400_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370600835161","article-title":"A review of the federal government\u2019s health activities in response to asbestos-contaminated ore found in Libby, Montana.","volume":"18","author":"Horton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit11","unstructured":"ILO. 2002. Guidelines for the Use of the ILO International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses. Rev. ed\n          . 2000. Geneva: International Labour Organization.Available: http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/public\/libdoc\/ilo\/2002\/102B09_423_engl.pdf [accessed 25 August 2005]."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080610063750400_micit12","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Environmentally-induced malignant pleural mesothelioma and HLA distribution in Turkey.","volume":"2","author":"Karakoca","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080610063750400_micit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370600834883","article-title":"Community exposure to asbestos from a vermiculite exfoliation plant in NE Minneapolis.","volume":"18","author":"Kelly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080610063750400_micit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2003.008649","article-title":"Mortality in a cohort of vermiculite miners exposed to fibrous amphibole in Libby, Montana.","volume":"61","author":"McDonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080610063750400_micit15","first-page":"436","article-title":"Cohort study of mortality of vermiculite miners exposed to tremolite.","volume":"43","author":"McDonald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080610063750400_micit16","first-page":"445","article-title":"Radiological survey of past and present vermiculite miners exposed to tremolite.","volume":"43","author":"McDonald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit17","unstructured":"MDH (Minnesota Department of Health)\n          . 2003. Health Consultation: Exposure Assessment Western Mineral Products Site.Available: http:\/\/www.health.state.mn.us\/divs\/eh\/hazardous\/sites\/hennepin\/western\/wstrnhc1003.pdf [accessed 22 August 2010]."},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit18","unstructured":"MDH (Minnesota Department of Health)\n          . 2005. Final Report of the Northeast Minneapolis Community Vermiculite Investigation (NMCVI) and Worker\/Household Study: Cohort Identification and Characterization. Atlanta, GA:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.Available: http:\/\/www.health.state.mn.us\/divs\/eh\/hazardous\/sites\/hennepin\/western\/nmcvicohort.pdf [accessed 22 August 2010]."},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2003-11-1239","article-title":"The composition and morphology of amphiboles from the Rainy Creek complex, near Libby, Montana.","volume":"88","author":"Meeker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Mineral"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080610063750400_micit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00136404","article-title":"Nonmalignant pleural lesions due to environmental exposure to asbestos: a field-based, cross-sectional study.","volume":"26","author":"Metintas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit21","unstructured":"OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)\n          . 1995. Asbestos Standard for General Industry. OSHA 3095 Available: http:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Publications\/osha3095.pdf [accessed 22 August 2010]."},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6346","article-title":"Radiographic abnormalities and exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite in the community of Libby, Montana, USA.","volume":"111","author":"Peipins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080610063750400_micit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.038315","article-title":"Predicted mortality from malignant mesothelioma among women exposed to blue asbestos at Wittenoom, Western Australia.","volume":"66","author":"Reid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080610063750400_micit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.035782","article-title":"The mortality of women exposed environmentally and domestically to blue asbestos at Wittenoom, Western Australia.","volume":"65","author":"Reid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080610063750400_micit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200706-841OC","article-title":"Low-level fiber-induced radiographic changes caused by Libby vermiculite: a 25-year follow-up study.","volume":"177","author":"Rohs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9481","article-title":"Vermiculite, respiratory disease, and asbestos exposure in Libby, Montana: update of a cohort mortality study.","volume":"115","author":"Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit27","unstructured":"Weis CP\n          . 2001a. Amphibole Mineral Fibers in Source Materials in Residential and Commercial Areas of Libby Poses an Imminent and Substantial Endangerment to Public Health. Memorandum from Christopher P. Weis, U.S. EPA Senior Toxicologist\/Science Support Coordinator, Libby Asbestos Site, to Paul Peronard, U.S. EPA On-Scene Coordinator for the Libby Asbestos Site. Denver, CO:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII.Available: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/libby\/libby-risk-text.pdf [accessed 31 March 2010]."},{"key":"2026080610063750400_micit28","unstructured":"Weis CP\n          . 2001b. Fibrous Amphibole Contamination in Soil and Dust at Multiple Locations in Libby Poses an Imminent and Substantial Endangerment to Public Health: An Addendum to my Memorandum of May 10, 2000. Memorandum from Christopher P. Weis, U.S. EPA Senior Toxicologist\/Science Support Coordinator, Libby Asbestos Site, to Paul Peronard, U.S. EPA On-Scene Coordinator for the Libby Asbestos Site. Denver, CO:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII.Available: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/region8\/superfund\/libby\/RiskMemo2ImminentEndangerment2.pdf [accessed 21 March 2010]."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080610063750400_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20053","article-title":"Asbestos-related pleural disease due to tremolite associated with progressive loss of lung function: serial observations in 123 miners, family members, and residents of Libby, Montana.","volume":"46","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080610063750400_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20620","article-title":"Environmental exposure to Libby Asbestos and mesotheliomas.","volume":"51","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080610063750400_micit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.70.1.43","article-title":"Pleural calcification associated with exposure to chrysotile asbestos in southeast Turkey.","volume":"70","author":"Yazicioglu","year":"1976","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080610063750400_micit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.35.8.564","article-title":"Pleural calcification, pleural mesotheliomas, and bronchial cancers caused by tremolite dust.","volume":"35","author":"Yazicioglu","year":"1980","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/120\/1\/44\/66445275\/ehp.1103529.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/120\/1\/44\/66445275\/ehp.1103529.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:56:20Z","timestamp":1786629380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/ehp.1103529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1103529","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]}}}