{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:33:36Z","timestamp":1790836416570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2314,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are persistent chlorinated pesticides with endocrine activity that may adversely affect the early stages of human reproduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: Our goal was to determine the association of serum levels of HCB, DDT, and DDE with implantation failure, chemical pregnancy, and spontaneous abortion in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) from 1994 to 2003.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Levels of HCB and congeners of DDT and DDE were measured in serum collected during the follicular phase. Multivariable-adjusted statistical models accommodating multiple outcomes and multiple cycles per woman were used to estimate the relation between serum pesticide levels and IVF outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: A total of 720 women with a mean \u00b1 SD age 35.4 \u00b1 4.2 years at enrollment contributed 774 IVF cycles. All samples had detectable levels of HCB, DDT, and DDE, with median levels of 0.087 ng\/g serum for HCB, 1.12 ng\/g serum for total DDT, and 1.04 ng\/g serum for p,p\u00b4-DDE. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of HCB, the lipid- and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for failed implantation was significantly elevated for those with higher HCB quartiles [Q2\u2013Q4; adjusted ORs: for Q2, 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 2.82; for Q3, 2.30; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.81; for Q4, 2.32; 95% CI: 1.38, 3.90] and showed a significantly increasing trend (p = 0.001). No statistically significant associations were observed between DDT\/DDE and IVF outcomes or between HCB and chemical pregnancy or spontaneous abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Serum HCB concentrations were on average lower than that of the general U.S. population and associated with failed implantation among women undergoing IVF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,29]],"date-time":"2011-08-29T15:17:55Z","timestamp":1314631075000},"page":"316-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Association of Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with\n                    <i>in Vitro<\/i>\n                    Fertilization (IVF) Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Shruthi","family":"Mahalingaiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey A.","family":"Missmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnab","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Meeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russ","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Vincent Memorial Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Andrology Laboratory and In vitro Fertilization Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026080507021041700_micit1","first-page":"BR320","article-title":"Outcome of in-vitro fertilization treatment and DDT levels in serum and follicular fluid.","volume":"15","author":"Al-Saleh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2026080507021041700_micit2","unstructured":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)\n          . 2002a. Toxicological Profile for DDT, DDE, and DDD. Atlanta, GA:ATSDR.Available: http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp35-p.pdf [accessed 7 March 2011]."},{"key":"2026080507021041700_micit3","unstructured":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)\n          . 2002b. Toxicological Profile for Hexachlorobenzene. Atlanta, GA:ATSDR.Available: http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp.asp?id=627&tid=115 [accessed 7 March 2011]."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507021041700_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120500538291","article-title":"Exposure pathways to HCH and DDT in Cidade dos Meninos and its surrounding districts of Amapa, Figueiras and Pilar, metropolitan regions of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","volume":"16","author":"Brilhante","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"2026080507021041700_micit5","article-title":"Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals","author":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507021041700_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.08.043","article-title":"Chlorinated organic pesticides in marketed food: Barcelona, 2001\u201306.","volume":"389","author":"Fontcuberta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080507021041700_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.8.6850","article-title":"Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid.","volume":"85","author":"Foster","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507021041700_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550120105","article-title":"Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) suppresses circulating progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase in the cynomolgus monkey.","volume":"12","author":"Foster","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080507021041700_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31818f684d","article-title":"DDT exposure, work in agriculture, and time to pregnancy 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two Chinese cities.","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health 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