{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:30:25Z","timestamp":1793298625335,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2318,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant with neurodevelopmental and immune system effects. An informative biomarker of Hg-induced immunotoxicity could aid studies on the potential contribution to immune-related health effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that methylmercury (MeHg) exposures affect levels of serum biomarkers and to examine interactions between Hg and selenium (Se) in terms of these responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study assessed adults living along the Tapaj\u00f3s River, a system long affected by MeHg. We measured antinuclear (ANA) and antinucleolar (ANoA) autoantibody levels and eight cytokines in serum samples (n = 232). Total Hg (including MeHg) and Se were measured in blood, plasma, hair, and urine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The median (range) total Hg concentrations were 14.1 \u03bcg\/g (1.1\u201362.4), 53.5 \u03bcg\/L (4.3\u2013288.9), 8.8 \u03bcg\/L (0.2\u201340), and 3.0 \u03bcg\/L (0.2\u201316.1) for hair, blood, plasma, and urine, respectively. Elevated titers of ANA (but not ANoA) were positively associated with MeHg exposure (log-transformed, for blood and plasma), unadjusted [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 6.2] and adjusted for sex and age (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.5). Proinflammatory [interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-\u00a9], anti-inflammatory (IL-4), and IL-17 cytokine levels were increased with MeHg exposure; however, in the subset of the population with elevated ANA, proinflammatory IL-1\u00ae, IL-6, IFN-\u00a9, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u2329 and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokine levels were decreased with MeHg exposure. Although Se status was associated with MeHg level (correlation coefficient = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.29, 1.43), Se status was not associated with any changes in ANA and did not modify associations between Hg and ANA titers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: MeHg exposure was associated with an increased ANA and changes in serum cytokine profile. Moreover, alterations in serum cytokine profiles differed based on ANA response, suggesting a specific phenotype of MeHg susceptibility. Further research on the potential health implications of these observed immunological changes is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T15:15:20Z","timestamp":1314285320000},"page":"1733-1738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Biomarkers of Methylmercury Exposure Immunotoxicity among Fish Consumers in Amazonian Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Nyland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Fillion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Biology, Health, Society, and Environment, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Fernando","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon L.","family":"Shirley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiameka","family":"Chine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Lemire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Biology, Health, Society, and Environment, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Mergler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Biology, Health, Society, and Environment, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen 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