{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:38:53Z","timestamp":1789864733296,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2305,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies\u2014cryptorchidism and hypospadias\u2014are poorly understood. Given positive associations between chlordane isomers and testicular germ cell tumors, it is reasonable to assume that chlordanes might also be associated with other testicular dysgenesis syndrome disorders, namely cryptorchidism and hypospadias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: To examine whether exposure to in utero chlordane is related to cryptorchidism and hypospadias, we evaluated levels of chlordane derivatives, trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane, among pregnant women enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: From 1959 to 1965, the CPP enrolled pregnant women at 12 U.S. medical centers. We analyzed serum trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane levels measured in third-trimester serum from the mothers of 217 sons with cryptorchidism, 197 sons with hypospadias, and 557 sons with neither condition. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The quartile-specific ORs for cryptorchidism or hypospadias show no notable associations with trans-nonachlor or oxychlordane. Further, there were no significant trends with increasing quartile of maternal trans-nonachlor or oxychlordane level in either cryptorchidism or hypospadias (p-trend all &amp;gt; 0.45).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: The results do not support an association between chlordane levels and cryptorchidism or hypospadias. It is unlikely that current chlordane exposure is related to the development of either anomaly, given that serum chlordane levels at the time of sample collection, the early 1960s, were considerably higher than levels at present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]],"date-time":"2011-10-05T11:31:07Z","timestamp":1317814267000},"page":"478-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Maternal Pregnancy Levels of\n                    <i>trans<\/i>\n                    -Nonachlor and Oxychlordane and Prevalence of Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in Boys"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Britton","family":"Trabert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Longnecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies, and"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Warren Wilson College, Asheville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Klebanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"McGlynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810425727500_micit1","article-title":"Toxicological Profile for Chlordane","author":"Abadin","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026081810425727500_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000095793.04232.d8","article-title":"The epidemiology of congenital cryptorchidism, testicular ascent and orchiopexy.","volume":"170","author":"Barthold","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2026081810425727500_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00069-6","article-title":"Concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the U.S. National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank.","volume":"34","author":"Becker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081810425727500_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01685030","article-title":"Persistence and distribution of chlordane and dieldrin applied as termiticides.","volume":"11","author":"Bennett","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2026081810425727500_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0032","article-title":"Serum organochlorine pesticide residues and risk of testicular germ cell carcinoma: a population-based case-control study.","volume":"17","author":"Biggs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026081810425727500_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/20.7.528","article-title":"An improved analysis for chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human and bovine sera using solid-phase extraction.","volume":"20","author":"Brock","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026081810425727500_micit7","article-title":"Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. 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