{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:53:39Z","timestamp":1792274019595,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Recent studies have suggested that several genes that mediate mercury metabolism are polymorphic in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metallothionein (MT) genes may underlie interindividual differences in mercury biomarker levels. We studied the potential modifying effects of MT SNPs on mercury exposure\u2013biomarker relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We measured total mercury in urine and hair samples of 515 dental professionals. We also surveyed occupational and personal exposures to dental amalgam and dietary fish consumption, from which daily methylmercury (MeHg) intake was estimated. Log-transformed urine and hair levels were modeled in multivariable linear regression separately against respective exposure surrogates, and the effect modification of 13 MT SNPs on exposure was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The mean mercury levels in urine (1.06 \u03bcg\/L) and hair (0.51 \u03bcg\/g) were not significantly different from the U.S. general population (0.95 \u03bcg\/L and 0.47 \u03bcg\/g, respectively). The mean estimated daily MeHg intake was 0.084 \u03bcg\/kg\/day (range, 0\u20130.98 \u03bcg\/kg\/day), with 25% of study population intakes exceeding the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose of 0.1 \u03bcg\/kg\/day. Multivariate regression analysis showed that subjects with the MT1M (rs2270837) AA genotype (n = 10) or the MT2A (rs10636) CC genotype (n = 42) had lower urinary mercury levels than did those with the MT1M or MT2A GG genotype (n = 329 and 251, respectively) after controlling for exposure and potential confounders. After controlling for MeHg intake, subjects with MT1A (rs8052394) GA and GG genotypes (n = 24) or the MT1M (rs9936741) TT genotype (n = 459) had lower hair mercury levels than did subjects with MT1A AA (n = 113) or MT1M TC and CC genotypes (n = 15), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Our findings suggest that some MT genetic polymorphisms may influence mercury biomarker concentrations at levels of exposure relevant to the general population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]],"date-time":"2012-01-09T11:56:02Z","timestamp":1326110162000},"page":"530-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["An Investigation of Modifying Effects of Metallothionein Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Association between Mercury Exposure and Biomarker Levels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn M.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niladri","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Franzblau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2026080314054357200_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.10.10.8751715","article-title":"The functional significance of brain metallothioneins.","volume":"10","author":"Aschner","year":"1996","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080314054357200_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020623100904","article-title":"Metallothioneins: mercury species-specific induction and their potential role in attenuating neurotoxicity.","volume":"231","author":"Aschner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2026080314054357200_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7857","article-title":"New evidence on variations of human body burden of methylmercury from fish consumption.","volume":"114","author":"Canuel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080314054357200_micit4","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)\n          . 2004. NHANES Food Questionnaire.Available: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/nhanes_03_04\/tq_fpq_c.pdf [accessed 1 March 2012]."},{"key":"2026080314054357200_micit5","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)\n          . 2009. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals.Available: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/exposurereport\/pdf\/FourthReport.pdf [accessed 1 November 2010]."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2026080314054357200_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s111","article-title":"The three modern faces of mercury.","volume":"110","author":"Clarkson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080314054357200_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890409603438","article-title":"Polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes affect methylmercury retention.","volume":"59","author":"Custodio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080314054357200_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3200\/AEOH.60.1.17-23","article-title":"Genetic influences on the retention of inorganic 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Lett. 1612006 159\u2013166] [Letter].","volume":"169","author":"Heyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026080314054357200_micit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390802240850","article-title":"The association between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), self-reported symptoms, and dental mercury exposure.","volume":"71","author":"Heyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080314054357200_micit23","first-page":"606","article-title":"Metal-responsive elements act as positive modulators of human metallothionein-IIA enhancer activity.","volume":"7","author":"Karin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026080314054357200_micit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-6784-9_38","article-title":"Transcriptional control mechanisms which regulate the expression of human metallothionein 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