{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:13:02Z","timestamp":1793293982273,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2146,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs in many occupational settings. There is evidence in animal models that maternal exposure to PAHs during pregnancy is associated with gastroschisis in offspring; however, to our knowledge, no human studies examining this association have been conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: Our goal was to conduct a case\u2013control study assessing the association between estimated maternal occupational exposure to PAHs and gastroschisis in offspring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Data from gastroschisis cases and control infants were obtained from the population-based National Birth Defects Prevention Study for the period 1997\u20132002. Exposure to PAHs was assigned by industrial hygienist consensus, based on self-reported maternal occupational histories from 1 month before conception through the third month of pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between estimated occupational PAH exposure and gastroschisis among children whose mothers were employed for at least 1 month during the month before conception through the third month of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The prevalence of estimated occupational PAH exposure was 9.0% in case mothers (27 of 299) and 3.6% in control mothers (107 of 2,993). Logistic regression analyses indicated a significant association between occupational PAHs and gastroschisis among mothers \u2265 20 years of age [odds ratio (OR) = 2.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 5.04] after adjusting for maternal body mass index, education, gestational diabetes, and smoking. This association was not seen in mothers &amp;lt; 20 years (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.55, 2.33), which is notable because although young maternal age is the strongest known risk factor for gastroschisis, most cases are born to mothers \u2265 20 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Our findings indicate an association between occupational exposure to PAHs among mothers who are \u2265 20 years and gastroschisis. These results contribute to a body of evidence that PAHs may be teratogenic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T15:10:14Z","timestamp":1329145814000},"page":"910-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Maternal Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Effects on Gastroschisis among Offspring in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennita","family":"Reefhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina C.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Symanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania A.","family":"Desrosiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina\u2013Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeina G.","family":"Khodr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Agopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha A.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara N.","family":"Duwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Finnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Romitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026080507023486000_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.01.026","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis repairs in the United States: 1996\u20132003.","volume":"42","author":"Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(88)90041-0","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of benzo[a]pyrene in developing chick embryo.","volume":"40","author":"Anwer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080507023486000_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719701601204","article-title":"Detection of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts in human placenta and umbilical cord blood.","volume":"16","author":"Arnould","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080507023486000_micit4","article-title":"Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Update)","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507023486000_micit5","first-page":"94","article-title":"Embryotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene and some of its synthetic derivatives in Swiss mice.","volume":"46","author":"Barbieri","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20642","article-title":"Gastroschisis prevalence in Texas 1999\u20132003.","volume":"88","author":"Benjamin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080507023486000_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.018622","article-title":"The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"62","author":"Boers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl172","article-title":"Occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and respiratory and urinary tract cancers: a quantitative review to 2005.","volume":"18","author":"Bosetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080507023486000_micit9","first-page":"349","article-title":"Monitoring human occupational and environmental exposures to polycyclic aromatic compounds.","volume":"47","author":"Brandt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080507023486000_micit10","first-page":"688","article-title":"Parental occupation, occupational exposure to solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of childhood brain tumors (Italy, France, Spain).","volume":"8","author":"Cordier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080507023486000_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-005-0319-x","article-title":"Modified Japanese medaka embryo-larval bioassay for rapid determination of developmental abnormalities.","volume":"51","author":"Farwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080507023486000_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20519","article-title":"A case control population-based study investigating smoking as a risk factor for gastroschisis in Utah, 1997\u20132005.","volume":"82","author":"Feldkamp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080507023486000_micit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31578","article-title":"Development of gastroschisis: review of hypotheses, a novel hypothesis, and implications for research.","volume":"143","author":"Feldkamp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507023486000_micit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.08.005","article-title":"Association between prepregnancy body mass index and congenital heart defects.","volume":"202","author":"Gilboa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2026080507023486000_micit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.09.012","article-title":"Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) in environmental and occupational studies\u2014a review.","volume":"211","author":"Hansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.032680","article-title":"Semi-volatiles in mainstream smoke delivery from select charcoal-filtered cigarette brand variants.","volume":"19","author":"Hearn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507023486000_micit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.048256","article-title":"Maternal occupation and the risk of birth defects: an overview from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.","volume":"67","author":"Herdt-Losavio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080507023486000_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2003.11.026","article-title":"Defects in cardiac function precede morphological abnormalities in fish embryos exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.","volume":"196","author":"Incardona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080507023486000_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20014","article-title":"Parental lead exposure and total anomalous pulmonary venous return.","volume":"70","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080507023486000_micit20","first-page":"980","article-title":"Etiologic heterogeneity of neural tube defects. II. Clues from family studies.","volume":"34","author":"Khoury","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080507023486000_micit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113335","article-title":"Etiologic heterogeneity of neural tube defects: clues from epidemiology.","volume":"115","author":"Khoury","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080507023486000_micit22","first-page":"907","article-title":"Occupation and bladder cancer among men in Western Europe.","volume":"14","author":"Kogevinas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080507023486000_micit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420160206","article-title":"Genetically mediated induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes associated with congenital defects in the mouse.","volume":"16","author":"Lambert","year":"1977","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30182","article-title":"Gastroschisis: a gene-environment model involving the VEGF-NOS3 pathway.","volume":"148C","author":"Lammer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080507023486000_micit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.109","article-title":"Demographic and environmental risk factors for gastroschisis and omphalocele in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.","volume":"44","author":"Mac Bird","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507023486000_micit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31818ab3b0","article-title":"Bayesian methods for correcting misclassification: an example from birth defects epidemiology.","volume":"20","author":"MacLehose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080507023486000_micit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719501400607","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in placenta, maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and milk of Indian women.","volume":"14","author":"Madhavan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080507023486000_micit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2009.19","article-title":"Biomarkers of exposure to combustion by-products in a human population in Shanxi, China.","volume":"20","author":"Naufal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080507023486000_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.046680","article-title":"Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk: a multicenter study in Europe.","volume":"67","author":"Olsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080507023486000_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.12.2905","article-title":"Carcinogen-DNA adducts and gene mutation in foundry workers with low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.","volume":"15","author":"Perera","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10012","article-title":"Guidelines for case classification for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.","volume":"67","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2001.16.3.169","article-title":"Health risk assessment of urban suspended particulate matter with special reference to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review.","volume":"16","author":"Ravindra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026080507023486000_micit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12770","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105209108","article-title":"Association of selected persistent organic pollutants in the placenta with the risk of neural tube defects.","volume":"108","author":"Ren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080507023486000_micit34","first-page":"44","article-title":"Workplace hazards to women\u2019s reproductive health.","volume":"90","author":"Rice","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minn Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080507023486000_micit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2011.627293","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability of assessed prenatal maternal occupational exposures to solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals.","volume":"8","author":"Rocheleau","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30176","article-title":"The embryology of body wall closure: relevance to gastroschisis and other ventral body wall defects.","volume":"148C","author":"Sadler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507023486000_micit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20102","article-title":"Differential metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in vitro by human placental tissues exposed to active maternal cigarette smoke.","volume":"80","author":"Sanyal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3451","article-title":"Identifying critical windows of exposure for children\u2019s health.","volume":"108","author":"Selevan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080507023486000_micit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.21.257","article-title":"Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes involved in activation and detoxification of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.","volume":"21","author":"Shimada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420200307","article-title":"The murine Ah locus: in utero toxicity and teratogenesis associated with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism.","volume":"20","author":"Shum","year":"1979","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080507023486000_micit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mep059","article-title":"Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mutagenic aldehydes, and particulate matter in Norwegian a la carte restaurants.","volume":"53","author":"Sjaastad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080507023486000_micit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90260-3","article-title":"Modulation of the embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity elicited by 7-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and acetaminophen via deacetylation.","volume":"97","author":"Stark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080507023486000_micit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(80)90628-6","article-title":"Effect of nicotine upon uterine blood flow in the pregnant rhesus monkey.","volume":"136","author":"Suzuki","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026080507023486000_micit44","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics\n          . 2001. Standard Occupational Classification: 2000 SOC Major Groups.Available: http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/soc\/soc_majo.htm [accessed 27 October 2009]."},{"key":"2026080507023486000_micit45","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics\n          . 2009. BLS Information: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) at BLS.Available: http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/bls\/naics.htm [accessed 27 October 2009]."},{"key":"2026080507023486000_micit46","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau\n          . 2009. Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns of First-Time Mothers: 1961\u20132003. Washington, DC:U.S. Census Bureau.Available: http:\/\/www.census.gov\/prod\/2008pubs\/p70-113.pdf [accessed 29 April 2012]."},{"key":"2026080507023486000_micit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7168","article-title":"Synergistic embryotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists with cytochrome P4501A inhibitors in Fundulus heteroclitus.","volume":"112","author":"Wassenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080507023486000_micit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1897\/04-440R1.1","article-title":"Effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon heterocycles, carbazole and dibenzothiophene, on in vivo and in vitro CYP1A activity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-derived embryonic deformities.","volume":"24","author":"Wassenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080507023486000_micit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20177","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage and repair in teratogenesis and neurodevelopmental deficits.","volume":"90","author":"Wells","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080507023486000_micit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32897","article-title":"Is there epidemiologic evidence to support vascular disruption as a pathogenesis of gastroschisis?","volume":"149A","author":"Werler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080507023486000_micit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420450407","article-title":"First trimester maternal medication use in relation to gastroschisis.","volume":"45","author":"Werler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080507023486000_micit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.8.1389","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in human placenta and modulation by CYP1A1 induction and genotype.","volume":"19","author":"Whyatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080507023486000_micit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)03057-1","article-title":"Validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire: comparison with a 1-year diet record.","volume":"87","author":"Willett","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2026080507023486000_micit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/116.S1.32","article-title":"The National Birth Defects Prevention Study.","volume":"116","author":"Yoon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/910\/66404154\/ehp.1104305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/910\/66404154\/ehp.1104305.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:43:33Z","timestamp":1786628613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/ehp.1104305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104305","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]}}}