{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:30:31Z","timestamp":1786631431234,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2156,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Exposure to air pollution has been associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, suggesting an inflammatory response. Not much is known about this association in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We investigated the associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with maternal and fetal CRP levels in a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter \u2264 10 \u03bcm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were estimated at the home address using dispersion modeling for different averaging periods preceding the blood sampling (1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and total pregnancy). High-sensitivity CRP levels were measured in maternal blood samples in early pregnancy (n = 5,067) and in fetal cord blood samples at birth (n = 4,450).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Compared with the lowest quartile, higher PM10 exposure levels for the prior 1 and 2 weeks were associated with elevated maternal CRP levels (&amp;gt; 8 mg\/L) in the first trimester [fourth PM10 quartile for the prior week: odds ratio (OR), 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.61; third PM10 quartile for the prior 2 weeks: OR, 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56]; however, no clear dose\u2013response relationships were observed. PM10 and NO2 exposure levels for 1, 2, and 4 weeks preceding delivery were not consistently associated with fetal CRP levels at delivery. Higher long-term PM10 and NO2 exposure levels (total pregnancy) were associated with elevated fetal CRP levels (&amp;gt; 1 mg\/L) at delivery (fourth quartile PM10: OR, 2.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.38; fourth quartile NO2: OR, 3.42; 95% CI: 1.36, 8.58; p-values for trend &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Our results suggest that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may lead to maternal and fetal inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]],"date-time":"2012-02-03T13:46:37Z","timestamp":1328276797000},"page":"746-751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Chronic Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Maternal and Fetal C-Reactive Protein Levels: The Generation R Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Edith H.","family":"van den Hooven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Urban Environment and Safety, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"de Kluizenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Environment and Safety, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H.","family":"Pierik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Environment and Safety, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd W.","family":"van 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