{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:48:17Z","timestamp":1791640097187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2039,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Green spaces are reported to improve health status, including beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes. Despite the suggestions of air pollution\u2013related health benefits of green spaces, there is no available evidence on the impact of greenness on personal exposure to air pollution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We investigated the association between surrounding greenness and personal exposure to air pollution among pregnant women and to explore the potential mechanisms, if any, behind this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: In total, 65 rounds of sampling were carried out for 54 pregnant women who resided in Barcelona during 2008\u20132009. Each round consisted of a 2-day measurement of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5) and a 1-week measurement of nitric oxides collected simultaneously at both the personal and microenvironmental levels. The study participants were also asked to fill out a time\u2013microenvironment\u2013activity diary during the sampling period. We used satellite retrievals to determine the surrounding greenness as the average of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a buffer of 100 m around each maternal residential address. We estimated the impact of surrounding greenness on personal exposure levels, home-outdoor and home-indoor pollutant levels, and maternal time-activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Higher residential surrounding greenness was associated with lower personal, home-indoor, and home-outdoor PM2.5 levels, and more time spent at home-outdoor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: We found lower levels of personal exposure to air pollution among pregnant women residing in greener areas. This finding may be partly explained by lower home-indoor pollutant levels and more time spent in less polluted home-outdoor environment by pregnant women in greener areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]],"date-time":"2012-05-30T13:54:01Z","timestamp":1338386041000},"page":"1286-1290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Surrounding Greenness and Exposure to Air Pollution During Pregnancy: An Analysis of Personal Monitoring Data"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Payam","family":"Dadvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"de Nazelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Triguero-Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schembari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cirach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmira","family":"Amoly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Figueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Foetal Medicine, ICGON (Institut Cl\u00ednic d\u00b4Obstetr\u00edcia, Ginecologia i Neonatologia), Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS (Institut d\u00b4Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques Agust\u00ed Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Basaga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Ostro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Nieuwenhuijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080510020688600_micit1","article-title":"TransCAD 2007, Planificaci\u00f3 i estudis de mobilitat","author":"Ajuntament de Barcelona","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026080510020688600_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(01)00264-0","article-title":"Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants.","volume":"116(suppl 1)","author":"Akbari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2026080510020688600_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-456","article-title":"A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments.","volume":"10","author":"Bowler","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026080510020688600_micit4","unstructured":"Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Application (CREAF)\n          . 2004. 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