{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:38:03Z","timestamp":1792031883845,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2011,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Although hyperthermia is a recognized animal teratogen and maternal fever has been associated with birth defects in humans, data on the relationship between high environmental temperatures and birth defects are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: To determine whether pregnancies are potentially vulnerable to the weather extremes anticipated with climate change, we evaluated the relationship between extreme summer temperature and the occurrence of birth defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We performed a population-based case\u2013control study by linking the New York State Congenital Malformations Registry to birth certificates for the years 1992\u20132006. We selected nonmalformed infants from a 10% random sample of live births as controls. We assigned meteorologic data based on maternal residence at birth, summarized universal apparent temperature (UAT; degrees Fahrenheit) across the critical period of embryogenesis, and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with multivariable logistic regression, controlling for confounders available on the birth certificate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Among 6,422 cases and 59,328 controls that shared at least 1 week of the critical period in summer, a 5-degree increase in mean daily minimum UAT was significantly associated with congenital cataracts (aOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.99). Congenital cataracts were significantly associated with all ambient temperature indicators as well: heat wave, number of heat waves, and number of days above the 90th percentile. Inconsistent associations with a subset of temperature indicators were observed for renal agenesis\/hypoplasia (positive) and anophthalmia\/microphthalmia and gastroschisis (negative).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: We found positive and consistent associations between multiple heat indicators during the relevant developmental window and congenital cataracts which should be confirmed with other data sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T15:34:48Z","timestamp":1340811288000},"page":"1443-1449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["A Population-Based Case\u2013Control Study of Extreme Summer Temperature and Birth Defects"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Alissa R.","family":"Van Zutphen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syni-An","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080610041786700_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318190ee08","article-title":"Weather-related mortality: how heat, cold, and heat waves affect mortality in the United States.","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026080610041786700_micit2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n          . 2011a. 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