{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:13:01Z","timestamp":1790421181248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1963,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: The observed age of menarche has fallen, which may have important adverse social and health consequences. Increased exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) has been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: Our objective was to assess the relationship between EDC exposure and the age of menarche in adolescent girls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We used data from female participants 12\u201316 years of age who had completed the reproductive health questionnaire and laboratory examination for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 2003\u20132008 (2005\u20132008 for analyses of phthalates and parabens). Exposures were assessed based on creatinine-corrected natural log urine concentrations of selected environmental chemicals and metabolites found in at least 75% of samples in our study sample. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis in SAS 9.2 survey procedures to estimate associations after accounting for censored data among participants who had not reached menarche. We evaluated body mass index (BMI; kilograms per meter squared), family income-to-poverty ratio, race\/ethnicity, mother\u2019s smoking status during pregnancy, and birth weight as potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The weighted mean age of menarche was 12.0 years of age. Among 440 girls with both reproductive health and laboratory data, after accounting for BMI and race\/ethnicity, we found that 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) and summed environmental phenols (2,5-DCP and 2,4-DCP) were inversely associated with age of menarche [hazard ratios of 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.19 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.19, respectively]. Other exposures (total parabens, bisphenol A, triclosan, benzophenone-3, total phthalates, and 2,4-DCP) were not significantly associated with age of menarche.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Our findings suggest an association between 2,5-DCP, a potential EDC, and earlier age of menarche in the general U.S. population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]],"date-time":"2012-08-14T08:23:38Z","timestamp":1344932618000},"page":"1613-1618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Exposures to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Age of Menarche in Adolescent Girls in NHANES (2003\u20132008)"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Buttke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanta","family":"Sircar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026080702064835800_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.08.004","article-title":"Relationship between the results of in vitro receptor binding assay to human estrogen receptor alpha and in vivo uterotrophic assay: comparative study with 65 selected chemicals.","author":"Akahori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080702064835800_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq324","article-title":"Early menarche predicts incidence of asthma in early adulthood.","volume":"173","author":"Al-Sahab","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026080702064835800_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1021\/es803292v","article-title":"Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17\u03b2-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent.","volume":"43","author":"Barber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080702064835800_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00005","article-title":"Age at menarche and Tanner stage in girls exposed in utero and postnatally to polybrominated biphenyl.","volume":"11","author":"Blanck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026080702064835800_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6259","article-title":"Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study.","volume":"111","author":"Bradman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080702064835800_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.1813E","article-title":"Environmental factors and puberty timing: expert panel research needs.","volume":"121(suppl 3)","author":"Buck Louis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026080702064835800_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.034","article-title":"Management of short stature with GnRH agonist and co-treatment with growth hormone: a controversial issue.","volume":"254\u2013255","author":"Carel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026080702064835800_micit8","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)\n          . 2011. 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