{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:04:31Z","timestamp":1787997871324,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1942,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Beginning in 1958, the city of Antofagasta in northern Chile was exposed to high arsenic concentrations (870 \u00b5g\/L) when it switched water sources. The exposure abruptly stopped in 1970 when an arsenic-removal plant commenced operations. A unique exposure scenario like this\u2014with an abrupt start, clear end, and large population (125,000 in 1970), all with essentially the same exposure\u2014is rare in environmental epidemiology. Evidence of increased mortality from lung cancer, bronchiectasis, myocardial infarction, and kidney cancer has been reported among young adults who were in utero or children during the high-exposure period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: We investigated other causes of mortality in Antofagasta among 30- to 49-year-old adults who were in utero or \u2264 18 years of age during the high-exposure period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We compared mortality data between Antofagasta and the rest of Chile for people 30\u201349 years of age during 1989\u20132000. We estimated expected deaths from mortality rates in all of Chile, excluding Region II where Antofagasta is located, and calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: We found evidence of increased mortality from bladder cancer [SMR = 18.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.3, 27.4], laryngeal cancer (SMR = 8.1; 95% CI: 3.5, 16.0), liver cancer (SMR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.6, 3.7), and chronic renal disease (SMR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Taking together our findings in the present study and previous evidence of increased mortality from other causes of death, we conclude that arsenic in Antofagasta drinking water has resulted in the greatest increases in mortality in adults &amp;lt; 50 years of age ever associated with early-life environmental exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,4]],"date-time":"2012-09-04T12:53:59Z","timestamp":1346763239000},"page":"1527-1531","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Mortality in Young Adults following\n                    <i>in Utero<\/i>\n                    and Childhood Exposure to Arsenic in Drinking Water"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Allan H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Escuela de Medicina, and"},{"name":"Departamento de Estad\u00edstica, Facultad de Matem\u00e1ticas, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Liaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catterina","family":"Ferreccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Escuela de Medicina, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Steinmaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 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