{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T08:04:59Z","timestamp":1792137899776,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3397,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between chronic exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes has not been well studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This project investigated the impact of chronic exposure to high ozone levels on childhood asthma admissions in New York State.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed a birth cohort born in New York State during 1995\u20131999 to first asthma admission or until 31 December 2000. We identified births and asthma admissions through the New York State Integrated Child Health Information System and linked these data with ambient ozone data (8-hr maximum) from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. We defined chronic ozone exposure using three indicators: mean concentration during the follow-up period, mean concentration during the ozone season, and proportion of follow-up days with ozone levels &amp;gt; 70 ppb. We performed logistic regression analysis to adjust for child\u2019s age, sex, birth weight, and gestational age; maternal race\/ethnicity, age, education, insurance status, smoking during pregnancy, and poverty level; and geographic region, temperature, and copollutants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asthma admissions were significantly associated with increased ozone levels for all chronic exposure indicators (odds ratios, 1.16\u20131.68), with a positive dose\u2013response relationship. We found stronger associations among younger children, low sociodemographic groups, and New York City residents as effect modifiers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic exposure to ambient ozone may increase the risk of asthma admissions among children. Younger children and those in low socioeconomic groups have a greater risk of asthma than do other children at the same ozone level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,10]],"date-time":"2008-09-10T11:15:23Z","timestamp":1221045323000},"page":"1725-1730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Chronic Exposure to Ambient Ozone and Asthma Hospital Admissions among Children"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Shao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, Troy, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, Troy, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh H.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Healthcom Network System Management, New York State Department of Health, Menands, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syni-An","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, Troy, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit1","unstructured":"American Lung Association\n          . 2004. Trends in Asthma Morbidity and Mortality. American Lung Association Epidemiology and Statistics UnitAvailable: http:\/\/www.lungusa.org\/atf\/cf\/%7B7A8D42C2-FCCA-4604-8ADE-7F5D5E762256%7D\/ASTHMA1.PDF[accessed 1 June 2008]."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080504120680800_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.085480","article-title":"Ambient air pollution triggers wheezing symptoms in infants","volume":"63","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0496(200102)31:2<106::AID-PPUL1017>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Health effects of air pollution exposure on children and adolescents in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"31","author":"Braga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00083406","article-title":"Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort","volume":"29","author":"Brauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.5.444","article-title":"Association between ozone and hospitalization for acute respiratory diseases in children less than 2 years of age","volume":"153","author":"Burnett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10294","article-title":"Effects of chronic and acute ozone exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in healthy young adults","volume":"115","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107675","article-title":"Long-term residence in areas of high ozone: associations with respiratory health in a nationwide sample of nonsmoking young adults","volume":"107","author":"Galizia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040610","article-title":"The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age","volume":"351","author":"Gauderman","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.14.1859","article-title":"Association of low-level ozone and fine particles with respiratory symptoms in children with asthma","volume":"290","author":"Gent","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.033977","article-title":"Traffic related air pollution as a determinant of asthma among Taiwanese school children","volume":"60","author":"Hwang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk032","article-title":"Effects of subchronic and chronic exposure to ambient air pollutants on infant bronchiolitis","volume":"165","author":"Karr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080504120680800_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00551-4","article-title":"Influenza vaccination in children with asthma in health maintenance organizations. 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