{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:55:57Z","timestamp":1791107757877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3494,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and other organochlorines induce porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in animal studies. Evidence in humans, however, is contradictory. In neonates and adults from a population historically highly exposed to HCB (Flix, Catalonia, Spain), no relation with PCT or with porphyrin excretion was found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to analyze the association between urinary porphyrin excretion and exposure to HCB and other organochlorinated compounds in children 4 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our birth cohort included all newborns from Flix and the five surrounding towns (where no airborne pollution occurred). Among the 68 children with porphyrins we measured in cord blood, 52 children 4 years of age provided blood to measure organochlorine compounds, hair for methylmercury, and urine for porphyrin excretion pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative porphyrin excretion was within the normal values. However, total porphyrins, coproporphyrin I (CPI), and coproporphyrin III (CPIII) adjusted to creatinine excretion increased with increasing levels of HCB, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p\u2032-DDE), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p\u2032-DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153). We found no association with methylmercury. When we fitted multiple pollutant models, p,p\u2032-DDE had the strongest association. We found these associations in children from both Flix and other towns, and they were independent of breast-feeding and of organochlorine and porphyrin levels at birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCB at current levels did not induce porphyria or increase uroporphyrins. However, the increase of urinary coproporphyrins suggests an incipient toxic effect of the organochlorines, especially for p,p\u2032-DDE, on the hepatic heme-synthesis pathway that differs from the major effects seen in PCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T10:42:00Z","timestamp":1212662520000},"page":"1407-1410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Urinary Porphyrin Excretion in Children is Associated with Exposure to Organochlorine Compounds"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Jordi","family":"Sunyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institut Municipal d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Alvarez-Pedrerol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"To-Figueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porphyria Unit, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Ribas-Fit\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan O.","family":"Grimalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IIQAB-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)80330-5","article-title":"2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin-induced porphyria cutanea tarda among pediatric patients","volume":"21","author":"Boyd","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1975.10666632","article-title":"Hexachlorobenzene contamination: its effect in a Louisiana population","volume":"30","author":"Burns","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1974.10666567","article-title":"Hexacloro-benzene exposure from contaminated DCPA in vegetable spraymen","volume":"29","author":"Burns","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03700020038009","article-title":"Acquired toxic porphyria cutanea tarda due to hexachlorobenzene","volume":"183","author":"Cam","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398009529857","article-title":"Hexachlorobenzene blood levels and the health status of men employed in the manufacture of chlorinated solvents","volume":"6","author":"Curier","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3101(22)00490-X","article-title":"Porphyrias and porphyrin metabolism with special reference to porphyria in childhood","volume":"13","author":"Dogramaci","year":"1964","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb48775.x","article-title":"Porphyrinurias and occupational disease","volume":"514","author":"Doss","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.2.109","article-title":"Alcohol and porphyrin metabolism","volume":"35","author":"Doss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit9","first-page":"55","article-title":"Porphyria cutanea tarda: a multifactorial disease","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Dermatology","author":"Elder","year":"1990","edition":"8"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390701457712","article-title":"A prospective study of mercury toxicity biomarkers in autistic spectrum disorders","volume":"70","author":"Geier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1988.9934374","article-title":"Urinary porphyrins in children exposed transplacentally to poly-halogenated aromatics in Taiwan","volume":"43","author":"Gladen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560209","article-title":"Risk excess of soft-tissue sarcoma and thyroid cancer in a community exposed to airborne organochlorinated compound mixtures with a high hexachlorobenzene content","volume":"56","author":"Grimalt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.4.400","article-title":"Urinary porphyrin excretion in a human population highly exposed to hexachlorobenzene","volume":"135","author":"Herrero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit14","first-page":"1513","article-title":"Secondary porphyrinuria","volume":"53","author":"Horie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nippon Rinsho"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit15","first-page":"439","article-title":"Age-dependent reference values of urinary porphyrins in children","volume":"34","author":"Minder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.04.003","article-title":"Mercury speciation in the hair of pre-school children living near a chlor-alkali plant","volume":"369","author":"Montuori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1973.tb110556.x","article-title":"Hexachlorobenzene pesticides and porphyria [Letter]","volume":"1","author":"Morley","year":"1973","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.09.021","article-title":"Urinary porphyrins as biomarkers for arsenic exposure among susceptible populations in Guizhou province, China","volume":"206","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110205","article-title":"Evaluation of urinary porphyrin excretion in neonates born to mothers exposed to airborne hexachlorobenzene","volume":"110","author":"Ozalla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit20","first-page":"402","article-title":"Coproporphyrin excretion in healthy newborn babies","volume":"3","author":"Rocchi","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00450-1","article-title":"Levels of hexachlorobenzene and other organochlorine compounds in cord blood: exposure across placenta","volume":"43","author":"Sala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.3.152","article-title":"Organochlorine in the serum of inhabitants living near an electrochemical factory","volume":"56","author":"Sala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899909602243","article-title":"Health effects of chronic high exposure to hexa-chlorobenzene in a general population sample","volume":"54","author":"Sala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-1-1","article-title":"Serum organochlorines and urinary porphyrin pattern in a population highly exposed to hexachlorobenzene","volume":"1","author":"Sunyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit25","first-page":"251","article-title":"Long-standing changes in the urinary profile porphyrin isomers after clinical remission of porphyria cutanea tarda","volume":"33","author":"To-Figueras","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"2026080523043387700_micit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399309531791","article-title":"Urinary porphyrin profiles as a biomarker of mercury exposure: studies on dentists with occupational exposure to mercury vapor","volume":"40","author":"Woods","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/116\/10\/1407\/66426189\/ehp.11354.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/116\/10\/1407\/66426189\/ehp.11354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:47:41Z","timestamp":1786628861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/ehp.11354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.11354","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]]}}}