{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:55:25Z","timestamp":1790700925291,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3353,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although outdoor particulate matter (PM) has been linked to mortality and asthma morbidity, the impact of indoor PM on asthma has not been well established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to investigate the effect of in-home PM on asthma morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For a cohort of 150 asthmatic children (2\u20136 years of age) from Baltimore, Maryland, a technician deployed environmental monitoring equipment in the children\u2019s bedrooms for 3-day intervals at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Caregivers completed questionnaires and daily diaries during air sampling. Longitudinal data analyses included regression models with generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children were primarily African Americans (91%) from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and spent most of their time in the home. Mean (\u00b1 SD) indoor PM2.5\u201310 (PM with aerodynamic diameter 2.5\u201310 \u03bcm) and PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter &amp;lt; 2.5 \u03bcm) concentrations were 17.4 \u00b1 21.0 and 40.3 \u00b1 35.4 \u03bcg\/m3. In adjusted models, 10-\u03bcg\/m3 increases in indoor PM2.5\u201310 and PM2.5 were associated with increased incidences of asthma symptoms: 6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1 to 12%] and 3% (95% CI, \u20131 to 7%), respectively; symptoms causing children to slow down: 8% (95% CI, 2 to 14%) and 4% (95% CI, 0 to 9%), respectively; nocturnal symptoms: 8% (95% CI, 1 to 14%) and 6% (95% CI, 1 to 10%), respectively; wheezing that limited speech: 11% (95% CI, 3 to 19%) and 7% (95% CI, 0 to 14%), respectively; and use of rescue medication: 6% (95% CI, 1 to 10%) and 4% (95% CI, 1 to 8%), respectively. Increases of 10 \u03bcg\/m3 in indoor and ambient PM2.5 were associated with 7% (95% CI, 2 to 11%) and 26% (95% CI, 1 to 52%) increases in exercise-related symptoms, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among preschool asthmatic children in Baltimore, increases in in-home PM2.5\u201310 and PM2.5 were associated with respiratory symptoms and rescue medication use. Increases in in-home and ambient PM2.5 were associated with exercise-related symptoms. Although reducing PM outdoors may decrease asthma morbidity, reducing PM indoors, especially in homes of inner-city children, may lead to improved asthma health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T10:10:50Z","timestamp":1224843050000},"page":"294-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["In-Home Particle Concentrations and Childhood Asthma Morbidity"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Meredith C.","family":"McCormack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick N.","family":"Breysse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia N.","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u2019Ann","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Curtin-Brosnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyton","family":"Eggleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory B.","family":"Diette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Center for Childhood Asthma in the Urban Environment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"2026080313200187000_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1021\/es021007e","article-title":"Use of real-time light scattering data to estimate the contribution of infiltrated and indoor-generated particles to indoor air","volume":"37","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit2","unstructured":"American Lung Association\n          . 2005. State of Lung Disease in Diverse CommunitiesAvailable: http:\/\/www.lungusa.org\/site\/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=308853[accessed 25 March 2008]."},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483","article-title":"International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods","volume":"8","author":"Asher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.6.e71","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Children\u2019s Health Survey for Asthma","volume":"104","author":"Asmussen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.01.023","article-title":"Regulation of cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells in response to ambient air pollution particles: further mechanistic studies","volume":"207","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/01902140303762","article-title":"Response of human alveolar macrophages to ultrafine, fine, and coarse urban air pollution particles","volume":"29","author":"Becker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2004.07.018","article-title":"Indoor exposures to air pollutants and allergens in the homes of asthmatic children in inner-city Baltimore","volume":"98","author":"Breysse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00001805","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health","volume":"26","author":"Brunekreef","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.09.049","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter concentrations from residential outdoor sites associated with the North Carolina Asthma and Children\u2019s Environment Studies (NC-ACES)","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6815","article-title":"Association of FEV1 in asthmatic children with personal and microenvironmental exposure to airborne particulate matter","volume":"112","author":"Delfino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10088","article-title":"Home indoor pollutant exposures among inner-city children with and without asthma","volume":"115","author":"Diette","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61012-5","article-title":"Home environmental intervention in inner-city asthma: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"95","author":"Eggleston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit13","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma\n          . 2006. GINA Workshop Report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and PreventionAvailable: http:\/\/www.ginasthma.com\/Guidelineitem.asp?l1=2&l2=1&intId=1388[accessed 25 March 2008]."},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528","article-title":"Population disparities in asthma","volume":"26","author":"Gold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s2173","article-title":"Assessment of personal and community-level exposures to particulate matter among children with asthma in Detroit, Michigan, as part of community action against asthma (CAAA)","volume":"110","author":"Keeler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7511","article-title":"Pulmonary effects of indoor- and outdoor-generated particles in children with asthma","volume":"113","author":"Koenig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2000.10464154","article-title":"Characterization of indoor particle sources using continuous mass and size monitors","volume":"50","author":"Long","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370490506646","article-title":"An analysis of the association between respiratory symptoms in subjects with asthma and daily air pollution in Spokane, Washington","volume":"16","author":"Mar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60943-X","article-title":"Household mouse allergen exposure and asthma morbidity in inner-city preschool children","volume":"97","author":"Matsui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-466OC","article-title":"Prospective study of air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma","volume":"168","author":"McConnell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.08.012","article-title":"Common household activities are associated with elevated particulate matter concentrations in bedrooms of inner-city Baltimore pre-school children","volume":"106","author":"McCormack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080313200187000_micit22","first-page":"1","article-title":"National surveillance for asthma\u2014United States, 1980\u20132004","volume":"56","author":"Moorman","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032097","article-title":"Results of a home-based environmental intervention among urban children with asthma","volume":"351","author":"Morgan","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit24","volume-title":"Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma","author":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit25","volume-title":"Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma\u2014Update on Selected Topics 2002","author":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit26","article-title":"Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma","volume-title":"Full Report 2007","author":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit27","volume-title":"Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter, IV: Continuing Research Progress","author":"National Research Council, Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.3_Pt_1.668","article-title":"Respiratory health and PM10 pollution. A daily time series analysis","volume":"144","author":"Pope","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1393OC","article-title":"Particulate levels are associated with early asthma worsening in children with persistent disease","volume":"173","author":"Rabinovitch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.2.8756798","article-title":"Effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of asthmatic children living in Mexico City","volume":"154","author":"Romieu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012143432401","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987\u20131994","volume":"343","author":"Samet","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9205-3","article-title":"Indoor environmental differences between inner city and suburban homes of children with asthma","volume":"84","author":"Simons","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.6.1614","article-title":"Effect of particulate air pollution on lung function in adult and pediatric subjects in a Seattle panel study","volume":"129","author":"Trenga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"130 pt 2","key":"2026080313200187000_micit34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relationships of indoor, outdoor, and personal air (RIOPA): part II. Analyses of concentrations of particulate matter species","author":"Turpin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit35","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau\n          . 2000. Decennial Census. Census 2000 summary file 1Available: http:\/\/factfinder.census.gov\/servlet\/DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=DEC&_sub-menuId=&_lang=en&_ts=[accessed 8 January 2007]."},{"issue":"138","key":"2026080313200187000_micit36","first-page":"11","article-title":"National ambient air quality standards for particulate matter","volume":"62","author":"U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fed Reg"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit37","unstructured":"U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)\n          . 2006a. Air Quality System Data Mart [database]Available: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ttn\/airs\/aqsdatamart[accessed 25 August 2006]."},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit38","unstructured":"U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)\n          . 2006b. PM Standards Revision 2006Available: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/particles\/naaqsrev2006.html[accessed 18 March 2008]."},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit39","unstructured":"U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)\n          . 2006c. Summary of EPA\u2019s Coarse PM NAAQS Air Monitoring Proposals Environmental DefenseAvailable: http:\/\/www.cleanair-standards.org\/article\/2006\/03\/463[accessed 10 October 2008]."},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit40","volume-title":"Multisite Evaluations of Candidate Methodologies for Determining Coarse Particulate Matter Concentrations","author":"Vanderpool","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit41","first-page":"98","article-title":"Indoor particles: a review","volume":"46","author":"Wallace","journal-title":"1996"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6135","article-title":"Particle concentrations in inner-city homes of children with asthma: the effect of smoking, cooking, and outdoor pollution","volume":"111","author":"Wallace","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500138","article-title":"Comparison of PM2.5 and PM10 monitors","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit44","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1975","edition":"9th Revision"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.001081209","article-title":"Effects of ambient air pollution on symptoms of asthma in Seattle-area children enrolled in the CAMP study","volume":"108","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080313200187000_micit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/117\/2\/294\/66372224\/ehp.11770.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/117\/2\/294\/66372224\/ehp.11770.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:51:50Z","timestamp":1786629110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/ehp.11770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.11770","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]}}}