{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1791196894183,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1877,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Risks of most types of leukemia from exposure to acute high doses of ionizing radiation are well known, but risks associated with protracted exposures, as well as associations between radiation and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), are not clear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We estimated relative risks of CLL and non-CLL from protracted exposures to low-dose ionizing radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: A nested case\u2013control study was conducted in a cohort of 110,645 Ukrainian cleanup workers of the 1986 Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. Cases of incident leukemia diagnosed in 1986\u20132006 were confirmed by a panel of expert hematologists\/hematopathologists. Controls were matched to cases on place of residence and year of birth. We estimated individual bone marrow radiation doses by the Realistic Analytical Dose Reconstruction with Uncertainty Estimation (RADRUE) method. We then used a conditional logistic regression model to estimate excess relative risk of leukemia per gray (ERR\/Gy) of radiation dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: We found a significant linear dose response for all leukemia [137 cases, ERR\/Gy = 1.26 (95% CI: 0.03, 3.58]. There were nonsignificant positive dose responses for both CLL and non-CLL (ERR\/Gy = 0.76 and 1.87, respectively). In our primary analysis excluding 20 cases with direct in-person interviews &amp;lt; 2 years from start of chemotherapy with an anomalous finding of ERR\/Gy = \u20130.47 (95% CI: &amp;lt; \u20130.47, 1.02), the ERR\/Gy for the remaining 117 cases was 2.38 (95% CI: 0.49, 5.87). For CLL, the ERR\/Gy was 2.58 (95% CI: 0.02, 8.43), and for non-CLL, ERR\/Gy was 2.21 (95% CI: 0.05, 7.61). Altogether, 16% of leukemia cases (18% of CLL, 15% of non-CLL) were attributed to radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Exposure to low doses and to low dose-rates of radiation from post-Chornobyl cleanup work was associated with a significant increase in risk of leukemia, which was statistically consistent with estimates for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Based on the primary analysis, we conclude that CLL and non-CLL are both radiosensitive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1204996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T11:34:40Z","timestamp":1353411280000},"page":"59-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Radiation and the Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic and Other Leukemias among Chornobyl Cleanup Workers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Lydia B.","family":"Zablotska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitry","family":"Bazyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay H.","family":"Lubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataliya","family":"Gudzenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Finch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Dyagil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim V.","family":"Chumak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Bouville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Drozdovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor P.","family":"Kryuchkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Golovanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bakhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataliya","family":"Babkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Lubarets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Bebeshko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Romanenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyohiko","family":"Mabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080505022162500_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/79.6.1295","article-title":"Radiation dose and leukemia risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix.","volume":"79","author":"Boice","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer 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