{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:49:07Z","timestamp":1791136147138,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1843,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Epidemiological evidence of the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on the chronic processes of atherogenesis is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: We investigated the association of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and ankle\u2013brachial index (ABI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data collected during the reexamination (2007\u20132010) of 2,780 participants in the REGICOR (Registre Giron\u00ed del Cor: the Gerona Heart Register) study, a population-based prospective cohort in Girona, Spain. Long-term exposure across residences was calculated as the last 10 years\u2019 time-weighted average of residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) estimates (based on a local-scale land-use regression model), traffic intensity in the nearest street, and traffic intensity in a 100 m buffer. Associations with IMT and ABI were estimated using linear regression and multinomial logistic regression, respectively, controlling for sex, age, smoking status, education, marital status, and several other potential confounders or intermediates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Exposure contrasts between the 5th and 95th percentiles for NO2 (25 \u00b5g\/m3), traffic intensity in the nearest street (15,000 vehicles\/day), and traffic load within 100 m (7,200,000 vehicle-m\/day) were associated with differences of 0.56% (95% CI: \u20131.5, 2.6%), 2.32% (95% CI: 0.48, 4.17%), and 1.91% (95% CI: \u20130.24, 4.06) percent difference in IMT, respectively. Exposures were positively associated with an ABI of &amp;gt; 1.3, but not an ABI of &amp;lt; 0.9. Stronger associations were observed among those with a high level of education and in men \u2265 60 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Long-term traffic-related exposures were associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm associations and further examine differences among population subgroups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T13:34:56Z","timestamp":1355405696000},"page":"223-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Association between Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The REGICOR Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Marcela","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Basaga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Foraster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Agis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bouso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Targa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4sfera Innova, Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Family Medicine, Jordi Gol Institute for Primary Care Research (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalan Institute of Health, Catalunya, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Cardiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Marrugat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica Cardiovascular, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Elosua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica Cardiovascular, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"K\u00fcnzli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080314072653700_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31819644cc","article-title":"Fine particulate matter air pollution, proximity to traffic, and aortic atherosclerosis.","volume":"20","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026080314072653700_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.11.064","article-title":"A high ankle-brachial index is associated with increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and lower quality of 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