{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:52:13Z","timestamp":1791193933577,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1905,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Exposure reconstructions and risk assessments for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other dioxins rely on estimates of elimination rates. Limited data are available on elimination rates for congeners other than TCDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We estimated apparent elimination rates using a simple first-order one-compartment model for selected dioxin congeners based on repeated blood sampling in a previously studied population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Blood samples collected from 56 former chlorophenol workers in 2004\u20132005 and again in 2010 were analyzed for dioxin congeners. We calculated the apparent elimination half-life in each individual for each dioxin congener and examined factors potentially influencing elimination rates and the impact of estimated ongoing background exposures on rate estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Mean concentrations of all dioxin congeners in the sampled participants declined between sampling times. Median apparent half-lives of elimination based on changes in estimated mass in the body were generally consistent with previous estimates and ranged from 6.8 years (1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) to 11.6 years (pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), with a composite half-life of 9.3 years for TCDD toxic equivalents. None of the factors examined, including age, smoking status, body mass index or change in body mass index, initial measured concentration, or chloracne diagnosis, was consistently associated with the estimated elimination rates in this population. Inclusion of plausible estimates of ongoing background exposures decreased apparent half-lives by approximately 10%. Available concentration-dependent toxicokinetic models for TCDD underpredicted observed elimination rates for concentrations &amp;lt; 100 ppt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: The estimated elimination rates from this relatively large serial sampling study can inform occupational and environmental exposure and serum evaluations for dioxin compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T09:04:27Z","timestamp":1353402267000},"page":"39-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Elimination Rates of Dioxin Congeners in Former Chlorophenol Workers from Midland, Michigan"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Lesa L.","family":"Aylward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Summit Toxicology, LLP, Falls Church, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Bodner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wilken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Bodnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026080505022652000_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500370","article-title":"Concentration-dependent TCDD elimination kinetics in humans: toxicokinetic modeling for moderately to highly exposed adults from Seveso, Italy, and Vienna, Austria, and impact on dose estimates for the NIOSH cohort.","volume":"15","author":"Aylward","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080505022652000_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.2","article-title":"Bias in half-life estimates using log concentration regression in the presence of background exposures, and potential solutions.","volume":"22","author":"Bartell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080505022652000_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199005000-00006","article-title":"Effect of reclassification of chloracne cases","volume":"32","author":"Bond","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2026080505022652000_micit4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n          . 2009. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals.Available: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/exposurereport\/ [accessed 5 January 2010]."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080505022652000_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802144","article-title":"Human exposure to endocrine disrupters: consequences of gastroplasty on plasma concentration of toxic pollutants.","volume":"26","author":"Charlier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080505022652000_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801380","article-title":"Body weight loss increases plasma and adipose tissue concentrations of potentially toxic pollutants in obese individuals.","volume":"24","author":"Chevrier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080505022652000_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp153","article-title":"Mortality rates among trichlorophenol workers with exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.","volume":"170","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080505022652000_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181badd4e","article-title":"Mortality rates among workers exposed to dioxins in the manufacture of pentachlorophenol.","volume":"51","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080505022652000_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500439","article-title":"Serum dioxin levels in former chlorophenol workers.","volume":"16","author":"Collins","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ 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