{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:27:23Z","timestamp":1787239643151,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1501,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Leukemia incidence has increased in recent decades among European children, suggesting that early-life environmental exposures play an important role in disease development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We investigated the hypothesis that childhood susceptibility may increase as a result of in utero exposure to carcinogens and hormonally acting factors. Using cord blood samples from the NewGeneris cohort, we examined associations between a range of biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and hormonally acting factors with micronuclei (MN) frequency as a proxy measure of cancer risk. Associations with gene expression and genotype were also explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: DNA and protein adducts, gene expression profiles, circulating hormonally acting factors, and GWAS (genome-wide association study) data were investigated in relation to genomic damage measured by MN frequency in lymphocytes from 623 newborns enrolled between 2006 and 2010 across Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Malondialdehyde DNA adducts (M1dG) were associated with increased MN frequency in binucleated lymphocytes (MNBN), and exposure to androgenic, estrogenic, and dioxin-like compounds was associated with MN frequency in mononucleated lymphocytes (MNMONO), although no monotonic exposure\u2013outcome relationship was observed. Lower frequencies of MNBN were associated with a 1-unit increase expression of PDCD11, LATS2, TRIM13, CD28, SMC1A, IL7R, and NIPBL genes. Gene expression was significantly higher in association with the highest versus lowest category of bulky and M1dG\u2013DNA adducts for five and six genes, respectively. Gene expression levels were significantly lower for 11 genes in association with the highest versus lowest category of plasma AR CALUX\u00ae (chemically activated luciferase expression for androgens) (8 genes), ER\u03b1 CALUX\u00ae (for estrogens) (2 genes), and DR CALUX\u00ae (for dioxins). Several SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on chromosome 11 near FOLH1 significantly modified associations between androgen activity and MNBN frequency. Polymorphisms in EPHX1\/2 and CYP2E1 were associated with MNBN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: We measured in utero exposure to selected environmental carcinogens and circulating hormonally acting factors and detected associations with MN frequency in newborns circulating T lymphocytes. The results highlight mechanisms that may contribute to carcinogen-induced leukemia and require further research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Citation: Merlo DF, Agramunt S, Anna L, Besselink H, Botsivali M, Brady NJ, Ceppi M, Chatzi L, Chen B, Decordier I, Farmer PB, Fleming S, Fontana V, F\u00f6rsti A, Fthenou E, Gallo F, Georgiadis P, Gmuender H, Godschalk RW, Granum B, Hardie LJ, Hemminki K, Hochstenbach K, Knudsen LE, Kogevinas M, Kov\u00e1cs K, Kyrtopoulos SA, L\u00f8vik M, Nielsen JK, Nygaard UC, Pedersen M, Rydberg P, Schoket B, Segerb\u00e4ck D, Singh R, Sunyer J, T\u00f6rnqvist M, van Loveren H, van Schooten FJ, Vande Loock K, von Stedingk H, Wright J, Kleinjans JC, Kirsch-Volders M, van Delft JHM, NewGeneris Consortium. 2014. Micronuclei in cord blood lymphocytes and associations with biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens and hormonally active factors, gene polymorphisms, and gene expression: The NewGeneris Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 122:193\u2013200;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1206324<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]],"date-time":"2013-11-19T12:11:28Z","timestamp":1384863088000},"page":"193-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Micronuclei in Cord Blood Lymphocytes and Associations with Biomarkers of Exposure to Carcinogens and Hormonally Active Factors, Gene Polymorphisms, and Gene Expression: The NewGeneris Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Domenico Franco","family":"Merlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Agramunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia","family":"Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Environmental Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrie","family":"Besselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDetection Systems b.v., Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Botsivali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel J.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Ceppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Chatzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 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